高压物理学报

Pressure Induced Rice Mutation and Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Growth and Development of Rice

XU Shi-Ping, LIAO Yao-Ping, WENG Ke-Nan, XIAO Wan-Sheng, CHEN Zhao-Ming, Lü Guang-Cai, HE Xiu-Ying

2001, 15(4): 241-248 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.001

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Abstract:
The grains of Yuexiangzhan, a new rice variety (Oryza sativa L.) with a high harvest index of 0.619, had been treated with high hydrostatic pressure and laboratory cultivated for three growth periods. Compared with the controls, germinating ability of high-pressure treated seeds and growth rates of the seedlings were lower. Significant difference was observed in between individuals of high-pressure treated samples. At the later stage of growth, laboratory raise showed that the high-pressure treated samples had a higher tillering capacity and a higher growth rate than the controls. The yields were stable and increased to some extents according to the treatments. Four new mutants with genetic characteristics stable for three generations had resulted from the high-pressure treatments. This suggested that high hydrostatic pressure might induce apparent rice mutation as well as exert significant effects on the physiological processes of rice.

One-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Discharge Plasma

LIU Dong-Yao, ZHOU Yan-Huang

2001, 15(4): 249-253 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.002

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Abstract:
A one-dimension time-dependent model of discharge plasma is presented in this paper by the analyzing of plasma behaviors in capillary. The state of equation and the electrical conductivity of non-ideal plasma are described in terms of thermodynamic characters. These coupled equations are solved by successive difference. The axial distributions along with time dependence of plasma characters in capillary are presented. The simulation results are compared and analyzed with experiment.

Crystallization of Plating-Manganin Piezoresistance Gauges

SHI Shang-Chun, DONG Shi, HUANG Yue, ZHOU Hong-Ren

2001, 15(4): 254-258 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.003

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Abstract:
Magnetically controlled cathod plasma sputtering technique was used to manufacture the plating-manganin film. Although the film was the same metal-construction feature as manganin-alloy does, it has smaller crystalloid-size, twice resistivity and less piezoresistance coefficient than the alloy. However, the average crystal size increases by about 20%, and the resistivity decreases by 50%. The piezoresistance coefficient of the film annealed under 673 K in vacuum increased to 2.0～2.6 (10-2 GPa-1) in 0～80 GPa.

Rapid Sintering of Nanocrystalline ZrO2 (4Y), Powder under High Pressure

YUAN Wang-Zhi, TIAN Wei, GUO Jie, LAO Ling-Er, WANG Da-Zhi, YAO Kun

2001, 15(4): 259-264 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.004

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Abstract:
Nanocrystalline ZrO2 (4Y) powders were sintered under 4 GPa and at 1 000～1 200 ℃ for 2 min. The results show that the relative density of undamaged sintered ceramics body is 99.3%. In the sintering process under high pressure, activation energy is less than that by other method because of the effect of applied pressure on diffusion. The activation energy is about 48 kJ/mol. Crystal grains ranges from 40 to 70 nm. The ctat-1 t size and unit cell volume of the t-ZrO2 is smaller than that sintered under normal pressure. The color of ZrO2 (4Y) is brown, dark gray and black. The structure of ZrO2 (4Y) is not homogenous.

The Dynamic Mechanic Characteristics of Tantalum under Shock Loading

ZHANG Lin, CAI Ling-Cang, WANG Wu, LI Da-Hong, WANG Xiao-Song, CHEN Hong

2001, 15(4): 265-270 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.005

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Abstract:
Symmetrical impact experiments were performed for tantalum, the free surface velocity profiles were measured with VISAR system. Making use of the double wave configurations of shock loading, the shock wave velocities were determined at stresses below 30 GPa, and a very good linear dependent relation of D-up has been obtained. The comparison with the experimental result of high pressure region was also made. Discussion about models for calculating spall strength was conducted. It was found that the spallation strength of tantalum calculated with different models has differences up to more than 30%.

The Equation of State for the Plasma Hydrogen at High Density

LI You-Kuan, CHEN Dong-Quan, LI Mao-Sheng, DONG Hang

2001, 15(4): 271-276 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.006

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Abstract:
The equations of state were calculated with Thomas-Fermi (TF) method and TF equivalent ionicity was introduced for the plasma hydrogen. The calculated results of the equivalent ionicity indicated that TF method can be used in wide range of the temperature (T) and density (), and is more reasonable than ACTEX and DH methods at high density.

Optical Radiation Properties of NaCl Crystal under Shock Compression

HU Jin-Biao, TAN Hua, TANG Zhi-Ping, YANG Jia-Ling

2001, 15(4): 277-284 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.007

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Abstract:
The optical absorptances of crystal NaCl under shock compression from 40 GPa to 70 GPa were measured using optical radiation technique. Comparing with Kormer's results, our results are almost as ten times as Kormer's results when shock pressure is about 60 GPa. The results show that the possible reason for causing this difference is that the time resolution of experimental record system used by Kormer was not fast enough. The changing of free-carrier mobility with shock temperature was calculated by using the experimental data. The results show that our results have a good agreement with Ziman's theoretical results. The disagreement existed in Kormer's experimental results and Ziman's theoretical results all the time was resolved.

Radiant Properties of Argon Gases under Shock Compression

TANG Jing-You, PENG Qi-Xian, GU Yan, HU Hai-Bo, WANG Gui-Chao, DONG Qing -Dong

2001, 15(4): 285-290 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.008

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Abstract:
Aluminum targets filled with argon gas were impacted by tungsten projectiles with velocities of 1.78 km/s, 2.00 km/s, and 2.76 km/s. The radiation of the gas following the shock fronts was recorded using a six-channel pyrometer and oscilloscopes. The velocities of shock waves in the gas were measured and the radiant properties of the gas under different shock conditions were surveyed. It was observed that the radiant intensities of the gas in the shock downstream varied with time first linearly and then exponentially when shock velocity gradually increased. Assuming that shock waves in gases were one-dimensional and local thermodynamic equilibrium was reached under shock compression, the experimental results and the corresponding radiant mechanism were explained by means of simple theoretical calculation and analysis.

Effect of Inner Liner Material (Dolomite) on Synthetic Diamond

CHEN Tian-Hu, WANG Dao-Xuan, FANG Xiao-Hu, TANG Shu-Pei

2001, 15(4): 291-296 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.009

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Abstract:
From the investigations on the inner liner material made up of mainly dolomite by slice, X-radial powder diffraction and chemical analysis before and after high temperature and pressure, it is found that dolomite is stable under the conditions of high temperature and pressure. However permeating cleavage texture were developed. Therefore dolomite under high temperature and pressure is deformed through cracking. Flow-transforming characteristics under static pressure are manifested with the permeating cleavage texture style. Impurities formed coesite and augite. Formless carbon appears, but there is no free CaO, MgO formed. According to the results it is suggested that dolomite inner liner takes much sort action and can improve the total performance of the material passing pressure and pressurizing on the process of synthesizing diamond. This result was important for the development of the material passing pressure and pressurizing for synthesizing diamond.

Transport Properties of KNb1-xMgxO3- Synthesized under High-Temperature and High-Pressure

XIANG Jun, LI Li-Ping

2001, 15(4): 297-303 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.010

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Abstract:
Single phase KNb1-xMgxO3- (0.0～0.3) ion conductors were prepared using high temperature and high pressure method. The structural characteristics and ionic conductivities of KNb1-xMgxO3- solid solutions were investigated by XRD, TG-DTA and A-C impedance spectra measurements. The XRD results show that all the products crystallized in a single orthorhombic perovskite structure. High pressure promotes the process of solid state reactions and the temperature for forming KNb1-xMgxO3- solid solutions decreases under high pressure. With the increasing of doping amount, cell volume increases, which is related with substitution of Mg ion and existence of oxygen vacancies. Ionic conductivities measured by impedance spectroscopy showed that there is relatively high-resistance along grain bound-aries. The grain-boundary effect is very obvious. By imitating the impedance data, the conductivities of grain, grain boundary and bulk were obtained, the temperature dependence of the conductivities of all the solid solutions is linear. The bulk conductivities of KNb1-xMgxO3- solid solutions don't increase with the increasing of doping amount but achieve maximum at around x=0.1 (=1.210-3 Scm-1 at 700 ℃).

Hugoniot Relation of JB9014 Insensitive High Explosive

ZHANG Xu, CHI Jia-Chun, FENG Min-Xian

2001, 15(4): 304-308 . doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.2001.04.011

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Abstract:
The Hugoniot relation of JB9014 insensitive high explosive was investigated experimentally. A LY12Al flyer is driven by detonation wave which is attenuated with a metal plate. Manganin gauges were used to record the interface pressure pexp and pAl between the LY12Al base plate and the explosive sample as well as between the LY12Al plate and LY12Al sample.

2001 Vol. 15, No. 4

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