Effect of Polyurethane Colloid Content on the Ballistic Performance of Prepreg PBO Fiber Composite Laminates
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摘要: 针对聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑（poly-p-phenylene ben-zobisthiazole，PBO）纤维表面化学惰性导致的复合材料界面结合弱、弹道性能不足的问题，采用水性聚氨酯预浸与热压工艺，制备了不同胶体质量分数（18.40%和20.45%）和纤维层数（10、20、30）的PBO复合板，通过准静态拉伸、弹道实验和X射线计算机断层扫描技术，研究了复合材料的拉伸性能、弹道极限、失效模式及能量吸收机制。结果表明：该工艺可有效改善PBO纤维复合板的成形与防护性能；与胶体质量分数为20.45%的试样相比，胶体质量分数为18.40%的30层试样的抗拉强度提升了14.86%，弹性模量提升28.33%；弹道极限随胶体质量分数的增加而提高，10、20层试样中20.45%胶体质量分数试样的弹道极限分别提升了9.9%、5.3%，但随着层数增加的幅度逐渐减弱，30层时二者差值不足1%；复合板的主要失效模式包括纤维剪切断裂、基体破裂分层及纤维拉伸断裂；能量吸收通过纤维压缩变形、剪切与拉伸断裂协同实现，吸能效率随冲击速度提高呈下降趋势，随层数增加而增强，而胶体质量分数的影响在高层数时减弱。研究结果可为PBO纤维复合材料的弹道防护设计提供参考。Abstract: To address the issue of weak interfacial bonding and insufficient ballistic performance in poly-p-phenylene ben-zobisoxazole (PBO) fiber composites caused by the chemically inert fiber surface, the waterborne polyurethane impregnation followed by a hot-pressing process was employed to fabricate PBO composite laminates with varying resin mass fractions (18.40% and 20.45%) and numbers of fiber layers (10, 20, and 30 layers). The tensile properties, ballistic limit, failure modes, and energy absorption mechanisms of the composites were investigated through quasi-static tensile testing, ballistic experiments, and X-ray computed tomography (CT). The results indicate that this process can effectively improve the formability and protective performance of the PBO fiber composite laminates. In comparison with the specimen exhibiting a resin mass fraction of 20.45%, the 30-layer specimen with a resin mass fraction of 18.40% demonstrated a 14.86% increase in tensile strength and a 28.33% increase in elastic modulus. The ballistic limit increases with resin content. The ballistic limit of the 10-layer and 20-layer specimens with a resin mass fraction of 20.45% increases by 9.9% and 5.3%, respectively. However, the increasing effect diminishes with a greater number of layers. For the 30-layer specimens, the difference in resin mass fraction between the two resins was less than 1%. The primary failure modes of the composite laminates include fiber shear fracture, matrix cracking and delamination, and fiber tensile fracture. Energy absorption is achieved through the synergistic mechanisms of fiber compressive deformation, shear, and tensile fracture. Efficiency of the energy absorption decreases with increasing impact velocity, while it increases with the number of layers under the same impact velocity. The effect of colloid content diminishes significantly for numerous layers. The study can provide a reference for the design of ballistic protection using PBO fiber composites.
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图 7 典型工况中PBO纤维复合板迎弹面的破坏形貌
Figure 7. Failure morphology of the strike face of the PBO fiber composite laminates under typical service conditions
图 8 PBO纤维复合板失效形貌及主/次变形区示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of failure morphology and primary/secondary deformation zones of fiber composite laminates
图 9 10层PBO纤维复合板在不同弹速侵彻下的CT扫描结果
Figure 9. CT scanning results of 10-layer PBO fiber composite laminates subjected to penetration at different impact velocities
图 10 复合板失效与吸能机理
Figure 10. Failure and energy absorption mechanism of composite laminates
表 1 PBO纤维性能参数
Table 1. Performance parameters of PBO fibers
Density/(g·cm−3) Tensile strength/GPa Tensile modulus/GPa Breaking elongation/% 1.54 3.80 129.71 3.98 
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表 2 YC-2水性聚氨酯性能参数
Table 2. Performance parameters of YC-2 waterborne polyurethane
Solid mass fraction/% pH value Tear resistance/MPa Elastic modulus/MPa 40 6.8–7.5 33–45 3.2–5.6
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表 3 PBO纤维复合板参数
Table 3. Parameters of PBO fiber composite laminates
Specimen No. Number of fabric layers Colloid mass fraction/% Area density/(kg·m−2) S1 10 20.45 1.77 S2 20 20.45 3.48 S3 30 20.45 5.21 S4 10 18.40 1.75 S5 20 18.40 3.43 S6 30 18.40 5.16
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表 4 复合板弹道极限性能测试结果
Table 4. Ballistic limit performance test results of composite panels
Test No. Specimen Number of
layersColloid
mass fraction/%Impact velocity/
(m·s–1)Residual velocity/
(m·s–1)Energy
absorption/JDeformation/
mmPenetrated
or notT1 S1 10 20.45 238 −26 116.5 14.38 No T2 S1 10 20.45 297 −24 182.3 18.48 No T3 S1 10 20.45 313 −14 203.4 20.28 No T4 S1 10 20.45 319 0 211.7 21.04 No T5 S1 10 20.45 327 229 113.5 9.34 Yes T6 S1 10 20.45 333 244 106.8 9.48 Yes T7 S2 20 20.45 333 −13 230.3 19.08 No T8 S2 20 20.45 339 147 194.1 13.28 Yes T9 S3 30 20.45 342 0 243.3 15.52 No T10 S3 30 20.45 349 111 227.7 13.04 Yes T11 S4 10 18.40 292 −21 176.4 25.00 No T12 S4 10 18.40 296 210 90.5 11.50 Yes T13 S4 10 18.40 333 262 87.5 11.50 Yes T14 S5 20 18.40 319 −13 211.3 25.58 No T15 S5 20 18.40 320 129 178.4 15.26 Yes T16 S6 30 18.40 339 0 239.0 16.06 No T17 S6 30 18.40 349 144 210.2 15.16 Yes
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