Experimental Study on the Penetration of Zr-Based Amorphous Fragment into Carbon Fiber Composite Target and Post-Effect Aluminum Target
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摘要: Zr基非晶破片是一种新兴的活性高效毁伤元，其着靶速度达到一定阈值时会发生燃烧反应并破碎，从而大幅提高其后效毁伤能力。为研究Zr基非晶破片对碳纤维增强复合材料的侵彻破坏机理及后效毁伤能力，利用弹道枪加载球形破片，分别以496.4～1085.8 m/s、571.4～1103.9 m/s的速度范围撞击8和6 mm厚的碳纤维复合靶，并布置2 mm厚LY12铝靶板作为后效靶，以比较破片在不同工况下的后效毁伤能力。实验结果表明：碳纤维靶受活性破片冲击时，其迎弹面的破坏形式主要是压缩失效与剪切失效的耦合破坏，其背弹面的破坏形式主要是拉伸失效破坏与层间的脱粘分裂；随着破片着靶速度的提高，碳纤维靶板的压剪耦合破坏比例逐渐增加，拉伸断裂与分层现象逐渐减弱；破片对于8和6 mm厚碳纤维靶的弹道极限速度分别为351.9、264.6 m/s；相同着靶速度下，8 mm厚碳纤维靶的后效毁伤面积大于6 mm厚碳纤维靶的后效毁伤面积，两者之间的差异随着着靶速度的提高而逐渐减小；破片冲击等厚度碳纤维靶时，破片的后效毁伤能力随着靶速度的提高而增强。Abstract: Zr-based amorphous fragment is an emerging active and efficient destructive element, which will undergo a deflagration reaction and fragmentation when its impact velocity reaches its threshold. The deflagration reaction and fragmentation could greatly increase its behind-armor destructive capability. In order to study the penetration damage mechanism and behind-armor destructive capability of Zr-based amorphous fragments on carbon fiber reinforced composites, a ballistic gun was used to load the spherical fragments to impact 8 and 6 mm thick carbon fiber composite targets at velocities ranging from 496.4 m/s to 1085.8 m/s and 571.4 m/s to 1103.9 m/s, respectively. Then a 2 mm thick LY12 aluminum target plate was arranged behind the target to measure the damage capability under different working conditions. The test results showed that the mainly failure mode of strike face was a coupling failure mode of compression failure and shear failure, and the main failure mode of its back face was a coupling failure mode of tensile failure and the de-sticky splitting of the layer. With the increase of the impact velocity, the proportion of the compression and shear coupling damage of the carbon fiber composite target plate was gradually increased, and the phenomenon of tensile breakage and delamination was gradually decreased. The ballistic ultimate velocities of the fragment for 8 and 6 mm thick carbon fiber composite target were 351.9 and 264.6 m/s, respectively. Behind-armor damage area of the fragment impacted on the 8 mm thick carbon fiber composite target was larger than that of the 6 mm thick carbon fiber target under the same impact velocity. The difference of behind-armor damage area impacted on 8 and 6 mm thick carbon fiber composite targets decreased with the increase of the impact velocity. The behind-armor damage ability of the fragment impacting on the carbon fiber composite target increased with the increase of the impact velocity.
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图 4 Zr基非晶破片侵彻碳纤维靶板的初始速度与剩余速度的关系曲线
Figure 4. Initial velocity versus residual velocity curves for zirconium-based amorphous fragments penetrating a carbon fiber composite target
图 6 8 mm厚碳纤维靶试验的后效靶毁伤形态
Figure 6. Post-effect target damage patterns for 8 mm thick carbon fiber composite target tests
图 7 6 mm厚碳纤维靶试验的后效靶毁伤形态
Figure 7. Post-effect target damage patterns for 6 mm thick carbon fiber composite target tests
图 9 不同厚度碳纤维工况下破片着靶速度与后效靶破孔面积的关系
Figure 9. Relationship between the fragmentation speed and the post-effect target broken hole area under different thicknesses of carbon fiber composite conditions
图 10 对照试验组中破片侵彻不同厚度碳纤维后在后效靶上造成的破孔面积
Figure 10. Area of broken holes in the post-effect target caused by broken pieces penetrating different thicknesses of carbon fiber composite targets in the control test group
图 11 破片以1100 m/s侵彻不同厚度碳纤维靶的图像
Figure 11. Video frames of fragments penetrating carbon fiber composite targets of different thicknesses at 1100 m/s
表 1 碳纤维复合材料性能参数
Table 1. Performance parameters of carbon fiber composites
E1/GPa E2/GPa G/GPa XT/GPa XC/GPa YT/MPa YC/MPa SC/MPa ν ρ/(kg∙m−3) 125 7.8 5.6 2.5 1.1 72 220 92 0.316 1600 
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表 2 试验数据
Table 2. Test data
Target plate thickness/mm Test No. Impact
velocity/(m∙s−1)Residual
velocity/(m∙s−1)Perforation
diameter/mm8 1 1085.8 764.9 10.17 2 1008.9 688.3 9.89 3 904.3 530.6 9.68 4 790.3 515.7 9.80 5 691.1 443.2 9.64 6 679.7 411.6 9.75 7 496.4 123.1 9.56 6 8 1103.9 931.5 10.14 9 936.6 724.6 10.07 10 767.5 590.7 9.85 11 695.3 537.1 9.67 12 571.4 442.6 9.57
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表 3 Zr基非晶破片对碳纤维靶板的弹道极限速度及拟合参数
Table 3. Ballistic limits and fitting parameters of zirconium-based amorphous fragments on carbon fiber composite targets
Target plate thickness/mm a v50/(m·s−1) 8 0.69 351.9 6 0.84 264.6
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表 4 计算得出的后效靶破孔面积
Table 4. Calculated area of broken holes in the post-effect target
Target plate thickness/mm No. Shole/mm2 Target plate thickness/mm No. Shole/mm2 8 1 528.1 6 8 439.2 2 493.9 9 312.4 3 457.5 10 156.0 4 432.2 11 89.5 5 367.6 12 80.7 6 213.8 7 0
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