圆柱形锂电池在局部压痕下的安全性实验研究

李杰; 张云龙; 袁博兴; 汤元会; 何永全

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20230754

圆柱形锂电池在局部压痕下的安全性实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230754

1.
长安大学能源与电气工程学院, 陕西西安　710064
2.
长安大学电子与控制工程学院, 陕西西安　710064
3.
陕西省计量科学研究院, 陕西西安　710199

基金项目: 国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目（2021MK104）；陕西省重点研发计划项目（2022GY-178）

详细信息

作者简介:
李　杰（1984－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事新能源与交通融合，人工智能应用研究. E-mail: jli@chd.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李　杰（1984－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事新能源与交通融合、人工智能应用研究. E-mail：jli@chd.edu.cn

中图分类号: O348.3; TM912.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-11
- 修回日期: 2023-11-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-09

Experimental Study on the Safety Performance of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries under Local Indentation

1.
School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, Shaanxi, China
2.
School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, Shaanxi, China
3.
Shaanxi Institute of Metrology Science, Xi’an 710199, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 锂电池局部挤压是汽车碰撞引发的主要损伤形式。为了明确锂电池在受到局部挤压时的安全性能，利用自研的机械滥用实验平台，对18650锂电池进行局部压痕实验，以渐进压缩的方式分析其失效过程，得到了失效过程及温度演变规律，讨论了电池荷电状态、加载速度、压痕位置和压头尺寸对电池安全的影响。结果表明：锂电池受局部挤压后有明显的热失控规律，失效后不会立即发生热失控，存在一定的反应时间；电池荷电状态与热失控剧烈程度成正相关，加载速度决定了电池的失效时间；靠近电池负极一端受到损伤时更易引发热失控现象，且受损面积较大时温度更高。实验结果可为锂电池包的安全性设计提供有益的建议。
- 锂电池 /
- 局部压痕 /
- 失效机制 /
- 热失控 /
- 安全性能
Abstract: Local compression of lithium-ion battery (LIB) is the primary form of damage during automotive collisions. In order to investigate the safety performance of 18650 LIBs under local indentation, a custom-made mechanical abuse experimental platform was used to conduct local indentation experiments. The failure mechanism was analyzed through progressive compression, and the failure process and thermal runaway evolution rules were obtained. The effects of the state of charge (SOC), loading velocity, indentation position and indenter size on the safety performance of LIBs were also discussed. The results show that the batteries exhibit a clear thermal runaway pattern under local indentation, and this phenomenon will not occur immediately after the failure, there is a certain reaction time. The SOC is positively correlated with the intensity of thermal runaway, and the failure time of the battery depends on the loading velocity. Moreover, thermal runaway is more likely to occur when the negative electrode end of the battery is damaged, and the temperature is higher when the damaged area is larger. Finally, based on the experimental results, some useful suggestions for the safety design of the battery packs were provided.
- lithium-ion batteries /
- local indentation /
- failure mechanism /
- thermal runaway /
- safety performance

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图 1 电池样本

Figure 1. Battery specimens

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图 2 实验平台

Figure 2. Experimental platform

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图 3 锂电池的压痕实验结果

Figure 3. Experimental results of lithium battery under indentation

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图 4 第1组实验测得的热失控过程

Figure 4. Thermal runaway process of Exp. 1

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图 5 电池压痕滥用热成像图

Figure 5. Thermograph of the battery under local indentation

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图 6 不同SOC下电池的力-电-热响应

Figure 6. Force-electric-thermal responses of the battery with different SOCs

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图 7 不同加载速度下电池的力-电-热响应

Figure 7. Force-electric-thermal responses of the battery under different loading velocities

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图 8 压痕位置示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the indentation location

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图 9 不同压痕位置工况下锂电池的力-电-热响应

Figure 9. Force-electric-thermal responses of the battery under different indentation locations

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图 10 不同压痕位置工况下不同SOC的锂电池的热成像

Figure 10. Thermal images of lithium battery with different SOCs under different indentation positions

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图 11 第5组实验测得的力-电-热响应

Figure 11. Force-electric-thermal responses of Exp. 5

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图 12 不同压头半径和SOC下锂电池的力-电响应特征

Figure 12. Force-electric response characteristics of batteries with different SOCs under different indenter radii conditions

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图 13 不同压头半径和SOC下锂电池的温度特征

Figure 13. Temperature characteristics of lithium batteries with different SOCs under different indenter radii conditions

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表 1 电池单体参数

Table 1. Battery parameters

Height/ mm	Diameter/ mm	Nominal capacity/ (W·h)	Nominal voltage/V	End-of-charge voltage/V	End-of-discharge voltage/V
65	18	4.6	3.7	4.2	2.75

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表 2 实验条件与参数信息

Table 2. Information on experimental conditions and parameters

Exp.	SOC/%	Indenter velocity/ (mm·min⁻¹)	Displacement/ mm	Indentation positions/ mm	Indenter size/ mm
1	100	10	13	30	5.0
2	20, 40, 60	10	13	30	5.0
3	40	2, 10, 20	13	30	5.0
4	20	10	13	10, 20, 30, 45, 55	5.0
5	20, 40, 60	10	13	30	5.0, 7.5, 10.0

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