Dynamic Tensile Properties of CuCrZr Alloy under Electro-Magnetic-Thermal-Mechanical Multifield Coupled Loading
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摘要: CuCrZr合金作为电磁轨道炮导轨的候选材料之一，获取其在电-磁-热-力多场耦合加载下的力学响应对于CuCrZr合金的工程应用具有重要意义。提出了一种外磁场辅助的电磁膨胀环实验技术，在不显著提升金属样品环中感应电流和焦耳热温升的情况下，稳定实现了104 s−1以上的高应变率加载。基于该技术，开展了电-磁-热-力耦合加载下CuCrZr合金的动态拉伸性能研究，获得了高电流密度、高应变率、高温升率、强磁场环境下CuCrZr合金的应力-应变曲线和断裂应变，研究成果可为CuCrZr合金在多物理场耦合工况下的应用提供重要参考。Abstract: Obtaining the mechanical response of CuCrZr alloy under coupled electro-magnetic-thermal-mechanical loading is significant for the engineering application of CuCrZr alloy, which is one of the candidate materials for electromagnetic railgun rails. This paper proposes an external-magnetic-field-assisted electromagnetic expanding ring technique, which stably achieves high strain rate loading exceeding 104 s–1 without the significant increase in the induced current and Joule heating temperature rise in the metal sample ring. Based on this technique, a study on the dynamic tensile properties of CuCrZr alloy under coupled electro-magnetic-thermal-mechanical loading was conducted. The stress-strain curves and fracture strain of CuCrZr alloy under conditions of high current density, high strain rate, high temperature rise rate, and strong magnetic field were obtained. The results provide important references for the application of CuCrZr alloy under multi-physics field coupling conditions.
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图 1 外磁场辅助的电磁膨胀环实验装置示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of electromagnetic expansion ring experimental apparatus assisted by external magnetic field
图 2 2个线圈的典型电流曲线：(a) 外线圈的电流和外磁场曲线，(b) 驱动线圈的电流曲线
Figure 2. Typical current waveforms of the two coils: (a) external coil current waveform and external steady-state magnetic field curve; (b) driving coil current waveform
图 3 实验装置照片：(a) 无外磁场实验，(b) 外磁场辅助实验
Figure 3. Experimental setup diagrams: (a) without external magnetic field experiment, (b) external magnetic field assisted experiment
图 8 CuCrZr合金样品环的感应电流（C）和电流密度（CD）
Figure 8. Current and current density of CuCrZr alloy
图 9 多场耦合加载下CuCrZr合金的应力-应变曲线的实验结果与热力耦合模型预测结果对比
Figure 9. Comparison of stress-strain curves of CuCrZr alloy under multi-field coupled loading with thermo-mechanical coupling model predictions
图 10 多场耦合加载下CuCrZr合金的应力-应变曲线的实验结果与热力耦合模型预测结果的差异
Figure 10. Differences between stress-strain curves of CuCrZr alloy under multi-field coupled loading and thermo-mechanical coupling model predictions
图 11 应力-应变曲线的实验与拟合结果对比
Figure 11. Comparison of experimental and fitted stress-strain curves
图 12 CuCrZr合金断裂应变-最大膨胀速度关系
Figure 12. Relationship between fracture strain and maximum expansion velocity of CuCrZr alloy
图 13 有无磁场条件下CuCrZr膨胀环回收照片
Figure 13. Recovered CuCrZr expansion ring specimens with and without magnetic field
表 1 实验结果
Table 1. Experimental results
Group U0/kV UE/kV Ii/kA Io/kA B0/T vP/(m·s−1) $ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{\max } $/s−1 tF/μs $ {\varepsilon }_{\text{F}} $ (Ts$ \varepsilon $–1)/℃ Smax/mm 1 10 0 50.5 0 0 117 8180 518/0.24 6 50.4 29.6 5.1 334 17610 267/0.24 2 15 0 77.8 0 0 248 13660 35.8 0.37 665/0.25 7 4 76.6 18.5 3.4 435 22490 28.6 0.40 466/0.25 8 3 20 0 100.1 0 0 388 20480 32.3 0.44 635/0.10 4 98.6 18.4 3.5 593 29470 24.5 0.40 485/0.10 4 
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表 2 应变为0.01时CuCrZr合金的多场耦合加载参数与流动应力
Table 2. Multifield coupling loading parameters and flow stress of CuCrZr alloy at 0.01 strain
Loading conditions Stress/MPa Temperature/℃ Strain rate/s−1 Current density/(kA·mm−2) Magnetic field strength/T 10 kV/0 T 465 95.43 3745 55.1 2.2 15 kV/0 T 491 112.00 4937 76.1 2.7 20 kV/0 T 534 131.00 6153 96.2 3.0 10 kV/5.1 T 492 53.88 5832 48.8 6.7 15 kV/3.4 T 534 77.00 6588 71.2 5.6 20 kV/3.5 T 567 123.00 7571 75.0 5.9
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