织物结构混杂纤维增强复合材料的抗侵彻性能

朱雨璇; 蔡凤娇; 刘志成; 孙九霄; 王静南; 马玉斌

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251179

织物结构混杂纤维增强复合材料的抗侵彻性能

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251179

1.
武汉纺织大学纺织新材料与先进加工全国重点实验室, 湖北武汉　430200
2.
山东海化股份有限公司, 山东潍坊　261021
3.
咸宁海威复合材料制品有限公司, 湖北咸宁　437100

基金项目: 湖北省自然科学基金（2025AFC029）；湖北省JD计划（JD2023009）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱雨璇（1995－），女，博士，主要从事复合材料计算模拟研究. E-mail：2022140@wtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
孙九霄（1981－），男，博士，教授，主要从事复合材料研究. E-mail：2017002@wtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.5; O521.9; TB33
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-29
- 修回日期: 2025-09-25
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-09
- 刊出日期: 2025-11-05

Effect of Fabric Structure Hybrid on Penetration Resistance Performance of Fiber Reinforced Composite

1.
State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, Hubei, China
2.
Shandong Haihua Group Co., Ltd., Weifang 261021, Shandong, China
3.
Xianning Haiwei Composite Products Co., Ltd., Xianning 437100, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 针对提升军事装备安全性的迫切需求，聚焦纤维增强复合材料的失效模式、损伤演化和能量吸收机理，探讨了织物结构混杂对纤维增强复合材料抗侵彻性能的影响规律及机制，通过弹道侵彻实验和多尺度计算，分析了平纹和缎纹织物结构混杂对芳纶/热塑性聚氨酯（thermoplastic polyurethanes，TPU）复合材料抗侵彻性能的影响机制，考察了其剩余速度、损伤机理、吸能特性和破坏形貌。结果表明，平纹织物提供高平面内刚度，缎纹织物则利于平面外变形和能量耗散。以平纹织物为迎弹面、缎纹织物为背弹面的混杂结构的抗侵彻性能更优：前层（平纹）使子弹钝化并分散冲击能量，后层（缎纹）使能量耗散最大化。其中，排列顺序为K₆D₂₁的芳纶/TPU复合材料性能最优，其剩余速度为455.81 m/s，比吸能为28.51 J/(kg·m²)，抗侵彻性能提升了9.50%。通过多特征参数SHAP（shapley additive explanations）值分析，可从织物结构、纤维性能以及混杂铺层方面优化复合材料结构设计，结合多尺度数值计算与实验验证扩充数据库，为复合材料的性能提升提供坚实的理论基础。
- 纤维增强复合材料 /
- 混杂结构 /
- 抗侵彻性能 /
- 多尺度计算 /
- 可解释机器学习
Abstract: To enhance the penetration resistance performance of fiber-reinforced composite materials and improve the safety of military equipment, this study explores the influence and mechanism of fabric structure hybridization on the penetration resistance performance of fiber-reinforced composite materials, focusing on failure modes, damage evolution, and energy absorption. Through ballistic penetration experiments and multiscale calculations, the influence mechanism of the mixed structure of plain weave and satin weave on the penetration resistance performance of aramid/thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) composite materials was analyzed, and the residual velocity, damage mechanism, energy absorption characteristics, and failure morphology were investigated. The results indicate that plain weave fabrics provide high in-plane stiffness, while satin weave fabrics facilitate out of plane deformation and energy dissipation. The hybrid structure with plain weave fabric as the front surface and satin weave fabric as the back surface has better penetration resistance: the front layer (plain weave) passivates bullets and disperses impact energy, while the back layer (satin weave) maximizes energy dissipation. Among them, the aramid/TPU composite material arranged in the order of K₆D₂₁ has the best performance, with a residual velocity of 455.81 m/s and a specific energy absorption of 28.51 J/(kg·m²), which improved by 9.50% compared to the control group. By analyzing the shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values of multi feature parameters, the structural design of composite materials can be optimized based on fabric structure, fiber properties, and hybrid layers. Combined with multi-scale numerical calculations and experimental verification, the database can be expanded to provide a solid theoretical basis for improving the performance of composite materials.
- fiber-reinforced composites /
- hybrid structure /
- ballistic resistance /
- multiscale computation /
- shapley additive explanations

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图 1 一体化梯度热压成型工艺：(a)～(b)橡胶平板硫化机，(c) 制备过程

Figure 1. Integrated gradient hot pressing process: (a)–(b) rubber plate vulcanizing machines; (c) forming process

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图 2 多尺度建模示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of multiscale modeling

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图 3 K₂₇在(610±10) m/s冲击速度下的剩余速度曲线和横截面损伤形态

Figure 3. Residual velocity curve and cross-sectional damage morphology of K₂₇ at an impact velocity of (610±10) m/s

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图 4 织物结构混杂复合材料在(610±10) m/s冲击速度下的能量吸收：(a) δ_BPI，(b) 应变能，(c) 摩擦能，(d) 非弹性损耗能

Figure 4. Energy absorption of fabric-structured hybrid composite material at impact velocity of (610±10) m/s: (a) δ_BPI; (b) strain energy; (c) frictional energy; (d) dissipation energy

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图 5 高速摄影获得的弹丸侵彻下织物结构混杂复合材料的变形进程（背弹面）

Figure 5. Deformation process of fabric-structured hybrid composite material ballistic penetration under high-speed photography (back surface)

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图 6 织物结构混杂复合材料在(610±10) m/s的冲击速度下迎弹面和背弹面的损伤形态

Figure 6. Damage morphologies of the front and back surfaces of fabric-structured hybrid composite materials under an impact velocity of (610±10) m/s

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图 7 织物结构混杂复合材料迎弹面的应力分布

Figure 7. Stress distribution of the front surface for fabric-structured hybrid composite material

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图 8 织物结构混杂复合材料背弹面的应力分布

Figure 8. Stress distribution of the back surface for fabric-structured hybrid composite material

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图 9 芳纶复合材料的多结构参数-抗侵彻性能影响分析

Figure 9. Influence of multi-structural parameters on the penetration resistance performance of aramid composite materials

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表 1 混杂复合材料参数

Table 1. Parameters of the hybrid composite materials

Material	Mass/g	Thickness/mm	Area density/(kg·m^–2)
K₂₇	271.4	8.45	12.06
D₂₇	269.3	8.21	11.97
K₃D₂₄	268.1	8.29	11.92
K₆D₂₁	269.3	8.31	11.97
K₉D₁₈	270.6	8.34	12.03

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表 2 纤维增强复合材料的本构模型参数^[20]

Table 2. Parameters for constitutive model of fiber reinforced composite materials^[20]

Material	ρ/(g·cm^–3)	E₁₊/GPa	E₂₊/GPa	$ {\nu }_{12+} $	G₁₂/GPa	$ X $₁₊/MPa	$ X $₁₋/MPa	$ X $₂₊/MPa	$ X $₂₋/MPa
Plain weave AF	1.44	13.486	11.763	0.09	1.387	349.15	53.17	8	15
Satin and sateen AF	1.41	14.297	10.438	0.09	1.247	373.35	49.80	8	15

Material	S/MPa	$ {G}_{\mathrm{f}}^{1+} $/ (kJ·m^–2)	$ {G}_{\mathrm{f}}^{1-} $/ (kJ·m^–2)	$ {G}_{\mathrm{f}}^{2+} $/ (kJ·m^–2)	$ {G}_{\mathrm{f}}^{2-} $/ (kJ·m^–2)	$ {\alpha }_{12} $	$ {\alpha }_{12}^{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} $	$ {\widetilde{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{y}0} $/GPa	$ {d}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} $
Plain weave AF	20	1	0.307	8.4	0.9	1.44×10⁻⁹	13 485.67	11.763	0.09
Satin and sateen AF	20	1	0.307	8.4	0.9	1.41×10⁻⁹	14 297.06	10.438	0.09

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表 3 内聚力模型参数^[21]

Table 3. Cohesive model parameters^[21]

ρ/(g·cm^–3)	E/GPa	$ {{t}}_{\text{n}}^{\text{o}} $/MPa	$ {{t}}_{\text{s}}^{\text{o}}/{{t}}_{\text{t}}^{\text{o}} $	$ {G}_{\text{Ⅰ}\text{C}} $/(N·mm^–1)	$ \mathit{{G}}_{\text{Ⅱ}\text{C}}\text{/}{G}_{\text{Ⅲ}\text{C}} $
1	1 000	69	79	0.9	2

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表 4 不同织物结构混杂复合材料靶板的弹道侵彻实验结果与多尺度计算结果

Table 4. Ballistic penetration experiment results and multi-scale calculation results of hybrid composite target plates with different fabric structures

Specimens	Striking velocity/ (m·s^–1)	Residual velocity			δ_BPI/ （J·kg^–1·m^–2）	Hoist/%
Specimens	Striking velocity/ (m·s^–1)	Exp./(m·s⁻¹)	Sim./(m·s⁻¹)	Error/%	δ_BPI/ （J·kg^–1·m^–2）	Hoist/%
K₂₇	618.24	476.21	484.27	2.0	26.04
D₂₇	615.76	462.57	459.28	1.1	27.88	7.05
K₃D₂₄	616.51	461.24	457.46	1.0	28.36	8.90
K₆D₂₁	613.78	455.81	449.23	1.4	28.51	9.50
K₉D₁₈	617.52	463.63	455.67	1.7	27.94	7.29

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