Crushing Law of Rocks in the Area Near Blasting Source under Ultra-High Pressure
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摘要: 针对工程中爆破近区岩石过度破碎对炸药能量损耗超过50%的问题，通过试验对爆破近区超高压力作用下岩石的过度破碎规律进行深入研究。以花岗岩为研究对象，通过软回收爆破近区不同压力下被破碎的花岗岩，并基于交互式机器学习的图像分割工具，统计分析超高压力作用下被破碎微米级粒径岩石的分布状态，重点分析不同加载压力下花岗岩的弹塑性变化，探讨了破碎过程中的能量分布。研究发现，爆破近区的超高压力导致花岗岩发生复杂的破碎现象。通过试验明确了花岗岩随压力增加由台阶状转变为微裂纹的破碎特性，表明5.50 GPa压力作用下花岗岩的破碎能不超过总冲击能量的23.68%，随着冲击压力的增加，岩石的破碎粒度显著减小，破碎能占比显著降低。研究成果可为爆破过程的精细模拟、优化爆破工程设计提供理论支持和实际应用指导。Abstract: Addressing the engineering challenge where excessive rock fragmentation in the area near blasting source leads to over 50% energy loss of explosives, this study conducts an in-depth experimental investigation into the mechanism of rock over-fragmentation under ultra-high pressure conditions. Using granite as the research subject, soft-recovery techniques were employed to collect fragmented granite samples from the near-blasting area under varying pressures. Statistical analysis of micron-sized fragment distribution under ultra-high pressure was performed via an interactive machine learning-based image segmentation tool, with a focus on elucidating elastoplastic transitions in granite under different loading pressures and energy distribution during fragmentation. The results reveal that ultra-high pressure in the near-blasting area induces complex fracture phenomena in granite. Experiments demonstrate a shift from stepped fracture patterns to micro-cracking characteristics with increasing pressure, indicating that fragmentation energy accounts for no more than 23.68% of the total impact energy at 5.50 GPa. As impact pressure rises, rock fragment size decreases significantly while the proportion of fragmentation energy declines substantially. This research provides theoretical support and practical guidance for high-fidelity simulation of blasting processes and optimized blast design
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Key words:
- near-blasting area /
- granite /
- fragmentation /
- particle size /
- energy distribution
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图 4 二级轻气炮动态冲击试验示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of two-stage light-gas gun dynamic impact test
图 7 不同冲击压力下花岗岩破碎的SEM形貌
Figure 7. SEM images of granite fracture under different impact pressures
图 8 不同冲击压力下花岗岩破碎粒度的分布
Figure 8. Granite fracture particle size distribution under different impact pressures
图 9 不同冲击压力下花岗岩颗粒级配曲线
Figure 9. Gradual curves of granite particles under different impact pressures
图 10 不同冲击压力下花岗岩的破碎能量
Figure 10. Granite fracture energy under different impact pressures
表 1 花岗岩的主要成分和参数
Table 1. Main components and parameters of granite
Mass fraction/% Density/(g·cm−3) Sound velocity/(km·s−1) Quartz Kaolinite Albite Muscovite 14.3 9.5 62.5 13.6 2.64 4.58 
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表 2 花岗岩冲击破碎相关参数
Table 2. Related parameters of granite impact crushing
Specimen Diameter/mm Height/mm Mass/g Shock velocity/(m·s−1) Shock pressure/GPa 1 10.01 2.03 0.42 290 5.50 2 9.96 1.99 0.41 679 13.65 3 10.04 1.98 0.41 978 20.51 4 9.98 2.01 0.42 1 479 33.17
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表 3 不同冲击压力下花岗岩破碎回收试验颗粒粒径分布
Table 3. Particle size distribution of granite crushing and recovery tests under different impact pressures
5.50 GPa 13.65 GPa 20.51 GPa 33.17 GPa Size/μm Proportion/% Size/μm Proportion/% Size/μm Proportion/% Size/μm Proportion/% 0–50 32.63 0–25 7.30 0–25 17.71 0–15 16.33 50–100 30.24 25–50 38.37 25–50 56.91 15–30 48.37 100–150 1.47 50–75 20.54 50–75 17.08 30–45 21.54 150–200 5.09 75–100 13.58 75–100 4.62 45–60 7.32 200–300 8.38 100–150 11.38 100–150 2.59 60–100 5.08 >300 10.19 >150 8.83 >150 1.09 >100 1.36
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表 4 花岗岩破碎能量分布
Table 4. Distribution of granite crushing energy
Impact pressure/GPa $ {E}_{\mathrm{F}} $/J $ {E}_{\mathrm{P}} $/J Impact energy/J Crushing energy fraction/% 5.50 13.33 14.48 117.44 23.68 13.65 21.37 36.99 480.04 12.16 20.51 28.68 69.13 865.54 11.30 33.17 38.51 73.44 1635.21 6.80
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