隔板对通孔药型罩聚能射流成型影响的数值模拟

梁州广; 付建平; 任凯; 杨芮; 史俊青; 王波; 高月光; 陈智刚

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251104

隔板对通孔药型罩聚能射流成型影响的数值模拟

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251104

梁州广^1,,
付建平^1,*, ,,
任凯¹,
杨芮¹,
史俊青²,
王波³,
高月光¹,
陈智刚¹

1.
中北大学机电工程学院, 山西太原　030051
2.
山东特种工业集团有限公司, 山东淄博　255201
3.
中国人民解放军32272部队51分队, 甘肃兰州　730000

基金项目: 山西省基础研究计划项目（202303021222113，202303021222111）

详细信息

作者简介:
梁州广（2001－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事战斗部高效毁伤技术研究. E-mail：lzhouguang@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
付建平（1987－），男，博士，教授，主要从事弹箭控制与高效毁伤技术研究. E-mail：jianping_fu@nuc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TJ410; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-05
- 修回日期: 2025-06-30
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-30
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-05

Numerical Simulation Study on the Effect of the Wave Shaper on Shaped Charge Jet Formation in Centrally-Aperture Liners

1.
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
2.
Shandong Special Industry Group Co., Ltd., Zibo 255201, Shandong, China
3.
51 Detachment of 32272 Unit of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究隔板在小口径聚能装药中的作用，开展了隔板参数与中心通孔药型罩匹配对爆轰产物泄露以及射流侵彻性能的影响规律研究。基于爆轰波正规斜反射理论，推导了药型罩表面不同位置处爆轰波初始入射角和所受压力与隔板参数之间的定量关系式。采用LS-DYNA系统分析了隔板直径和隔板高度对射流成型及侵彻性能的影响。结果表明：在通孔药型罩中添加隔板能有效提高药型罩上的压垮压力，抑制爆轰产物泄漏，提高能量利用率和射流侵彻性能；射流的侵彻能力随隔板直径增大呈先增后减的变化趋势；隔板高度对射流性能的影响呈多极值响应；当隔板直径为6 mm、隔板高度为4 mm时，射流对45钢靶的侵彻深度达到较大值（158.17 mm），较无隔板结构提升了17.21%。研究结果可为小口径聚能战斗部设计提供参考。
- 小口径聚能装药 /
- 隔板 /
- 中心通孔药型罩 /
- 侵彻 /
- 数值模型
Abstract: To investigate the role of wave shapers in small-caliber shaped charges, the effects of aligning wave shaper parameters with those of center-holed liners on detonation product leakage and jet penetration performance were studied. Based on the regular oblique reflection theory of detonation waves, quantitative relationships between wave shaper parameters and detonation wave initial incident angles/pressure distributions at various positions on the liner surface were derived. Systematic analysis using LS-DYNA software was conducted to reveal the influence patterns of wave shaper diameter and height on jet formation and penetration performance. The results show that adding wave shapers to center-holed liners effectively increases the collapse pressure on the liner, suppresses detonation product leakage, enhances energy utilization efficiency, and improves jet penetration performance. Jet penetration capability initially increases and then decreases with the increasing wave shaper diameter. Wave shaper height exhibits a multi-extremum response effect on jet performance. The largest penetration depth of 158.17 mm into 45 steel targets was achieved with a wave shaper diameter of 6 mm and a height of 4 mm, representing a 17.21% improvement compared to structures without wave shapers. These findings offer valuable insights for designing small-caliber shaped charge warheads.
- small-caliber shaped charge /
- wave shaper /
- centrally-apertured liners /
- penetration /
- numerical model

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图 1 40 mm破甲弹的药型罩及装药结构

Figure 1. Shield and charge structure of the 40 mm armour-piercing ammunition

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图 2 隔板对爆轰波传播的影响

Figure 2. Influence of separators on detonation waveform

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图 3 爆轰波正规斜反射

Figure 3. Regular oblique reflection of detonation waves

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图 4 理论计算与实验测量数据的对比

Figure 4. Comparison of experimental measurement data and theoretical calculation results

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图 5 柱锥罩不同位置处的爆轰波入射角及所受压力

Figure 5. Detonation wave incident angles and transmitted pressures at discrete positions on the cylindrical-conical liner

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图 6 射流成型模型

Figure 6. Simulation model of jet formation

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图 7 射流侵彻模型

Figure 7. Simulation model of jet penetration

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图 8 与试验相对应的数值模型示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the simulation model corresponding to the test

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图 9 侵彻靶板对比

Figure 9. Comparison of penetration targets

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图 10 有、无隔板时爆轰波传播作用过程及爆轰产物泄漏量

Figure 10. Interaction dynamics and vented volume of detonation products in explosive charges with and without wave shaper

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图 11 有、无隔板时射流的成型过程

Figure 11. Jet formation process with and without wave shaper

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图 12 有、无隔板时聚能装药侵彻45钢靶结果

Figure 12. Penetration results of shaped charges with and without wave shaper into 45 steel targets

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图 13 隔板直径对射流形态的影响

Figure 13. Effect of wave shaper diameter on jet morphology

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图 14 隔板直径对装药爆轰波形的影响

Figure 14. Effect of wave shaper diameter on detonation waveform of shaped charge

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图 15 隔板直径对射流效能的影响

Figure 15. Effect of wave shaper diameter on jet performance

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图 16 隔板高度对射流形态的影响

Figure 16. Effect of wave shaper height on jet morphology

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图 17 隔板高度对装药爆轰波形的影响

Figure 17. Effect of wave shaper height on the detonation waveform of the shaped charge

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图 18 爆轰波传播路径

Figure 18. Propagation path of the detonation wave

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图 19 隔板高度对射流效能的影响

Figure 19. Effect of wave shaper height on jet performance

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表 1 JH-2炸药材料参数^[28]

Table 1. Material parameters of JH-2 explosive^[28]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³) A₁/GPa B₁/GPa R₁ R₂ ω

1.695 854.5 2.05 4.6 1.35 0.25

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表 2 金属材料参数^[29]

Table 2. Material parameters of metal^[29]

Material ρ/(g·cm⁻³) A₂/GPa B₂/GPa C n m₁

Copper 8.96 0.09 0.292 0.025 0.31 1.91
45 steel 7.83 0.79 0.510 0.014 0.26 1.03

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表 3 酚醛塑料材料参数^[28]

Table 3. Material parameters of phenolic plastics^[28]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³) G/GPa σ/MPa S₁ S₂ S₃

1.19 2.4 50 3.49 −8.2 9.6

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