Experimental Study on Ignition Time of Industrial Electronic Detonator Ignition Head under Different Ignition Voltages
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摘要: 针对电子雷管发火电容受冲击后出现掉电可能导致其因发火能量不足而无法可靠起爆这一工程实际问题，通过高速纹影测试系统，研究了不同发火电压下金属桥膜型及桥丝型引火药头的发火时间，明确输入引火药头的初始能量对其热分解阶段、火焰增长期、火焰持续期时间的影响，得到了2种引火药头发火总时间与发火电压、发火能量的关系。结果表明：13～21 V区间内，引火药头的发火总时间随电压的变化率呈先减小后增大的趋势；随着发火电压的增大，金属桥膜型引火药头的热分解期、火焰增长期、火焰持续期的时间降幅分别为66.2%、76.6%、15.0%，桥丝型引火药头在3个阶段的时间降幅分别为28.0%、39.2%、30.0%，且金属桥膜型引火药头各阶段的发火时间较桥丝型短；当发火电容剩余能量处于1.9～4.9 mJ时，金属桥膜型和桥丝型引火药头的发火一致性及发火精度受到影响；当剩余能量小于1.9 mJ时，金属桥膜型引火药头因发火能量不足导致瞎火。研究结果将为电子雷管发火裕度设计提供依据，有助于降低小孔距爆破中电子雷管的拒爆率。Abstract: In response to the practical engineering problem that the firing capacitor of electronic detonators may lose power after being impacted, which subsequently lead to insufficient firing energy and unreliable detonation, the firing time of metal bridge and bridge-wire ignition heads under different firing voltages were studied through the high-speed schlieren testing system. The influence of the initial energy input to the ignition head on the thermal decomposition stage, flame growth period, and flame duration was clarified, and the relationship between the total ignition time and the ignition voltage and ignition energy for two types ignition heads was obtained. The results show that within the range of 13−21 V, the rate of change of the total firing time of the ignition heads with voltage decreases first and then increases. As the firing voltage increases, the time reduction rates of the thermal decomposition, flame growth period, and flame duration of the metal bridge model ignition heads are 66.2%, 76.6%, and 15.0% respectively. The time reduction rates of the three stages of the bridge-wire ignition heads are 28.0%, 39.2%, and 30.0% respectively, and the firing time of each stage of the metal bridge model ignition head is shorter than that of the bridge-wire. When the ignition energy is between 1.9 and 4.9 mJ, the firing consistency and accuracy of the metal bridge model and bridge-wire ignition head will be affected. When the ignition energy is less than 1.9 mJ, the metal bridge mode ignition heads will fail to fire due to insufficient firing energy. This study provides a basis for the design of the firing margin of electronic detonators, which will reduce the misfire rate of electronic detonators in small-hole blasting.
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Key words:
- industrial electronic detonator /
- ignition head /
- ignition time /
- ignition energy
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图 6 Ⅰ型引火药头各阶段发火时间对比
Figure 6. Comparison of ignition times at each stage of type Ⅰ ignition head
图 7 Ⅱ型引火药头各阶段发火时间对比
Figure 7. Comparison of ignition times at each stage of type Ⅱ ignition head
表 1 不同电压对应的引火药头发火能量
Table 1. Ignition energy of ignition corresponding to different voltages
Ignition voltage/V Ignition energy/mJ Ignition time of type Ⅰ/ms Ignition time of type Ⅱ/ms 13.14 1.90 336.51 126.62 13.98 2.15 317.61 123.54 14.77 2.40 301.16 119.29 15.52 2.65 295.63 114.81 16.24 2.90 286.45 109.63 16.92 3.15 283.82 107.15 17.58 3.40 279.15 106.76 18.22 3.65 276.69 106.12 18.83 3.90 274.95 105.73 19.42 4.15 268.46 102.35 20.00 4.40 257.17 101.75 20.56 4.65 235.42 94.16 21.11 4.90 216.07 82.16 
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