弧形坑道和弧形扩散坑道内冲击波的传播规律

程浩; 彭永; 薛晓光; 陆邱; 李翔宇; 李志斌

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20251099

弧形坑道和弧形扩散坑道内冲击波的传播规律

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251099

程浩^{1, 2,},
彭永^1,*, ,,
薛晓光³,
陆邱¹,
李翔宇¹,
李志斌¹

1.
国防科技大学理学院, 湖南长沙　410003
2.
中国人民解放军63867部队, 吉林白城　137000
3.
北京跟踪与通信技术研究所, 北京　100094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12372344）

详细信息

作者简介:
程　浩（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事武器效应和工程防护研究. E-mail：chenghao14@nudt.edu.cn

通讯作者:
彭　永（1989－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事武器效应和工程防护研究. E-mail：pengy116@163.com

中图分类号: O389; O521.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-26
- 修回日期: 2025-07-20
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-24
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-05

Shock Wave Propagation Law of Curved Tunnel and Curved Diffusion Tunnel

CHENG Hao^{1, 2
,},
PENG Yong^{1,*
, ,},
XUE Xiaoguang³,
LU Qiu¹,
LI Xiangyu¹,
LI Zhibin¹

1.
College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
2.
Unit 63867 of the PLA, Baicheng 137000, Jilin, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China

摘要

摘要: 针对弧形拐弯坑道内冲击波衰减规律不清的问题，研究了半径和拐弯角度对弧形坑道中冲击波传播的影响，发现半径和拐弯角度对消波效率的影响有限，且弧形坑道与同角度直接拐弯坑道的消波效率相近，基本均小于7.2%。为提高拐弯坑道对冲击波的衰减效率，提出了以弧形坑道为基础设置扩散室构建弧形扩散坑道的防护新思想，并探讨了扩散比、扩散形式（外侧扩散、内侧扩散和两侧扩散）和冲击波特征参数对弧形扩散坑道消波效率的影响规律。计算结果表明，弧形扩散坑道可大幅提高冲击波的衰减效率，衰减率最高可达55.9%。外侧扩散型弧形坑道的消波效率最高，内侧扩散型和两侧扩散型的消波效率次之，且消波效率随扩散比的提升而不断升高。随着冲击波压力峰值的增大，弧形扩散坑道的消波效率有所提高，可以达到64.4%；继续提升压力峰值时，弧形扩散坑道的消波效率略有下降但基本保持不变；弧形扩散坑道的消波效率随冲击波正压时间的增长而降低，在正压持续时间为100 ms时，消波效率降至25.4%，但随着正压时间的进一步增长，弧形扩散坑道的消波效率几乎保持不变。
- 弧形坑道 /
- 弧形扩散坑道 /
- 冲击波 /
- 传播规律 /
- 消波效率
Abstract: In view of the unclear attenuation law of shock wave in curved tunnel is unclear, the influence of radius and turning angle on shock wave propagation in curved tunnel was analyzed. It was found that its influence on the wave dissipation efficiency is limited, and the wave attenuation efficiency of curved tunnel is similar to that of direct turning tunnel with the same angle, which is basically less than 7.2%. In order to improve the wave attenuation efficiency of shock wave in curved tunnel, a new protective idea of constructing arc-shaped diffusion tunnels based on arc-shaped tunnels by setting up diffusion chambers was proposed. The influence laws of diffusion ratio and diffusion forms (inner diffusion, two-side diffusion and outer diffusion) on the wave attenuation efficiency of curved diffusion tunnels were also discussed. The calculation shows that curved diffusion tunnel can greatly improve the wave attenuation efficiency of shock wave, and the wave attenuation efficiency can reach 55.9%. Among them, the outer diffusion curved tunnel has the highest wave attenuation efficiency, followed by the inner diffusion type and the two-sided diffusion type. Moreover, the wave attenuation efficiency increases continuously with the increase of the diffusion ratio. As the peak pressure of the shock wave increases, the wave attenuation efficiency of the curved diffusion tunnel also improves, reaching up to 64.4%. When the peak pressure continues to increase, the wave attenuation efficiency of the curved diffusion tunnel slightly decreases but remains basically unchanged. The wave attenuation efficiency of the curved diffusion tunnel decreases with the increase of the positive pressure duration of the shock wave. When the positive pressure duration is 100 ms, the wave attenuation efficiency drops to 25.4%. However, as the positive pressure duration further increases, the wave attenuation efficiency of the curved diffusion tunnel remains almost unchanged.
- curved tunnel /
- curved diffusion tunnel /
- shock wave /
- propagation law /
- wave attenuation efficiency

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图 1 直坑道模型示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a straight tunnel model

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图 2 数值模拟结果验证

Figure 2. Verification of numerical simulation results

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图 3 弧形坑道的计算模型

Figure 3. Calculation model of the curved tunnel

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图 4 不同半径弧形坑道的压力时程曲线

Figure 4. Attenuation efficiency of curved tunnel with different radii

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图 5 弧形坑道的消波效率

Figure 5. Wave attenuation efficiency of curved tunnel

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图 6 弧形坑道与直接拐弯坑道内消波效率的对比

Figure 6. Comparison of wave attenuation efficiency in curved and direct turning tunnel

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图 7 不同扩散形式弧形坑道模型示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of curved tunnel model with different diffusion forms

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图 8 典型时刻冲击波在内侧扩散型弧形坑道内的压力云图

Figure 8. Pressure cloud images of shock wave in inner diffusion curved tunnel at typical time

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图 9 内侧扩散型扩散室对冲击波传播的衰减规律

Figure 9. Propagation attenuation law of shock wave in the inner diffusion curved tunnel

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图 10 典型时刻冲击波在两侧扩散型弧形坑道内的压力云图

Figure 10. Pressure cloud images of shock wave in two-side diffusion curved tunnel at typical time

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图 11 两侧扩散型扩散室对冲击波传播的衰减规律

Figure 11. Propagation attenuation law of shock wave in two side diffusion curved tunnel

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图 12 典型时刻冲击波在外侧扩散型弧形坑道内的压力云图

Figure 12. Pressure cloud images of shock wave in the outer diffusion curved tunnel at typical time

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图 13 外侧扩散型扩散室对冲击波传播的衰减规律

Figure 13. Propagation attenuation law of shock wave in the outer diffusion curved tunnel

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图 14 不同扩散形式弧形坑道的消波效率对比

Figure 14. Comparison of wave attenuation efficiency of curved tunnel with different diffusion forms

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图 15 外侧扩散型弧形坑道内质点速度的矢量

Figure 15. Velocity vector diagram of particle in the outer diffusion curved tunnel

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图 16 不同压力峰值条件下的消波效率

Figure 16. Wave attenuation efficiency under different pressure peak conditions

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图 17 不同正压时间条件下的消波效率

Figure 17. Wave attenuation efficiency under different positive pressure time conditions

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表 1 空气模型参数^[15]

Table 1. Air model parameters^[15]

P_r c_V/(J·g⁻¹·K⁻¹) c_p/(J·g⁻¹·K⁻¹) c₁/(m·s⁻¹) c₂

0.72 7.135×10⁻⁶ 1.002×10⁻⁶ 1.458×10⁻³ 110.4

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表 2 不同扩散比工况

Table 2. Different diffusion ratio cases

Case W/m r_D

1 2 1.0
2 3 1.5
3 4 2.0
4 5 2.5
5 6 3.0

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