Effect of Circumferential Stress on Energy Evolution Mechanism of Rockburst under True Triaxial Unilateral Unloading Conditions
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摘要: 为研究环向应力对应变型岩爆灾变过程中能量演化的影响，采用新型真三轴岩爆试验系统，开展不同环向应力作用下单面快速卸荷、三向五面受力和竖向持续加载岩爆模拟试验，分析了花岗岩试样在不同环向应力下的岩爆破坏形态，结合能量守恒原理，揭示了试样岩爆灾变过程中各能量的演化规律。结果表明：不同环向应力作用下，耗散能与弹性应变能存在明显的能量竞争演化机制；环向应力会显著影响岩样的破坏程度和分布范围，环向应力为178.992 MPa的岩样卸荷面所形成的破坏程度最深；在高环向应力作用下，岩样内的弹性应变能在峰值点后释放速度加快，岩爆发展具有短时特征；耗散能转化率与环向应力成正比，弹性应变能转化率与环向应力成反比，而从能量的绝对值来看，环向应力的增大会显著提升弹性应变能的累积和耗散能的释放；岩样的总能量转化率最高，弹性能转化率次之，耗散能转化率最低，且三者与环向应力均呈正相关，环向应力的增大会明显加快总能量、弹性应变能及耗散能的转化速率。Abstract: In order to study the influence of hoop stress on the energy evolution in the process of rockburst catastrophe, a new true triaxial rockburst test system was used to carry out the rockburst simulation test of single-side rapid unloading, three-five-side force and vertical continuous loading under different circumferential stresses. The rockburst failure modes of granite samples under different hoop stresses were analyzed. Combined with the principle of energy conservation, the evolution law of individual energy in the process of rockburst catastrophe was revealed. The results show that there is an obvious energy competition evolution mechanism between dissipated energy and elastic strain energy under different circumferential stresses. The circumferential stress will significantly affect the damage degree and distribution range of the rock sample. The unloading surface of the rock sample with a circumferential stress of 178.992 MPa has the deepest damage degree. Under the action of high circumferential stress, the elastic strain energy in the rock sample releases faster after the peak point, and the development of rockburst has short-term characteristics. The conversion rate of dissipated energy is proportional to the circumferential stress, and the conversion rate of elastic strain energy is inversely proportional to the circumferential stress. From the absolute value of energy, the increase of circumferential stress will obviously increase the accumulation of elastic strain energy and the release of dissipated energy. The total energy conversion rate of the rock sample is greater than the elastic energy conversion rate, which in turn exceeds the dissipated energy conversion rate. All three parameters exhibit positive correlations with circumferential stress. The increase of the circumferential stress will obviously accelerate the conversion rates of total energy, elastic energy and dissipated energy.
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图 3 代表性单元岩体开挖前后的受力状态
Figure 3. Stress state of representative unit rock mass before and after excavation
图 5 岩体单元中耗散能和可释放弹性应变能的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between dissipated energy and releasable elastic strain energy in rock mass element
图 6 不同环向应力下岩样的能量演化
Figure 6. Energy evolution of rock specimens under different circumferential stresses
图 7 不同环向应力下岩样的破坏形态
Figure 7. Failure morphology of rock specimens under different circumferential stresses
图 8 不同环向应力下峰值应力处的能量变化规律
Figure 8. Energy variation laws at peak stress under different circumferential stresses
图 9 不同环向应力下峰值应力处的破坏形态
Figure 9. Failure morphology at peak stress under different circumferential stresses
图 10 不同环向应力下的能量转化特征
Figure 10. Energy conversion characteristics under different circumferential stresses
图 11 不同环向应力下峰值应力处的能量
Figure 11. Energy at peak stress under different circumferential stresses
图 12 不同环向应力下各能量转化速率
Figure 12. Energy conversion rates under different circumferential stresses
表 1 试验方案
Table 1. Test protocol
Research project Specimen No. Stress state/MPa σ1 σ2 σ3(a) Circumferential stress T-1 89.496 54.966 5.000 T-2 134.244 54.966 5.000 T-3 178.992 54.966 5.000 
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