Anti-Explosion Performance of Composite Blast-Resistant Walls Containing an Aluminum Foam Energy-Absorbing Layer
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摘要: 为研究泡沫铝吸能层对混凝土防爆墙抗爆性能的影响，采用LS-DYNA有限元软件模拟含泡沫铝吸能层复合防爆墙的抗爆动态响应，分析泡沫铝夹芯板结构参数、泡沫铝相对密度、爆炸载荷强度对其压缩变形规律和抗爆性能的影响。结果表明：在承受爆炸载荷作用时，复合防爆墙主要通过前面板局部弯曲变形和芯层塑性压溃变形吸收爆轰波能量；复合防爆墙的抗爆性能与芯层厚度呈正相关，与面板厚度呈负相关，但面板过薄时会因强度不足出现局部破裂失效；随着泡沫铝相对密度的增大，防爆墙的抗爆性能先显著提升后趋于平缓，当相对密度超过临界阈值后，材料波阻抗梯度降低，致使其防护效能显著削弱；7.5 kg装药、爆距为50 cm的爆炸加载条件下，芯层厚度6 cm、面板厚度0.5 cm、泡沫铝相对密度44%时能充分发挥材料的吸能特性，此时芯层的压缩比为73.3%，复合防爆墙的削波系数为77.5%；随着爆炸载荷增加，复合防爆墙的削波系数呈现“强化-平衡-失稳”的变化趋势。研究结果可为泡沫铝在抗爆防护中的应用提供参考。Abstract: To investigate the effect of the aluminum foam energy-absorbing layer on the blast-resistance performance of concrete blast walls, LS-DYNA was used to simulate the dynamic response of composite explosion-proof walls with aluminum foam energy-absorbing layers. The study analyzed the influences of the structural parameters of the aluminum foam sandwich panel, the relative density of the aluminum foam, and the intensity of the explosive load on the deformation patterns and the blast-resistance performance. The results show that during the explosion, the composite blast wall mainly absorbs blast-wave energy through the local bending deformation of the front panel and the plastic collapse deformation of the core layer. The blast-resistance performance of the composite blast wall is positively correlated with the core layer thickness and negatively correlated with the panel thickness. However, if the panel is too thin, it will experience localized fracture failure due to insufficient strength. As the relative density of the aluminum foam increases, the anti-explosive properties of the explosion-proof wall initially improve significantly but then tend to level off. When the relative density exceeds the critical threshold, the decrease in the material’s wave impedance gradient significantly weakens its protective effectiveness. Under an explosive loading condition with a 7.5 kg charge and a burst distance of 50 cm, when the core layer thickness is 6 cm, the panel thickness is 0.5 cm, and the relative density of the aluminum foam is 44%, the energy-absorbing properties of the material can be fully utilized. The core layer has a compression ratio of 73.3%, and the composite explosion-proof wall has a wave-attenuation coefficient of 77.5%. As the blast load increases, the clipping coefficient of the composite blast wall exhibits a changing trend of “strengthening-equilibrium-destabilization”. This study provides valuable references for the application of aluminum foam in blast-protection systems.
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ρ/(g·cm−3) vB/(m·s−1) pCJ/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω 1.787 3890 34 581.4 6.801 4.1 1.0 0.35 
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ρ/(g·cm−3) C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 0.00129 − 10−6 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4
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ρ/(g·cm−3) G/GPa fc/GPa Cn CP CY T/GPa nP 2.44 14.86 0.048 0.79 1.6 0.007 0.004 0.61
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ρ/(g·cm−3) G/GPa E/GPa ν Y/GPa B0/GPa n c D1 7.83 77.76 205 0.28 0.76 0.5 0.53 0.53 1.13
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表 5 实验与数值模拟得到的最大变形量的对比
Table 5. Comparison of maximum deformation between experiment and simulation
Part Experiment 2# Experiment 3# Experiment/mm Simulation/mm Error/% Experiment/mm Simulation/mm Error/% Steel plate 17.0 19.2 1.3 37.4 35.8 4.3 Aluminum foam 22.5 21.5 4.4 36.5 38.1 4.4
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