水含量对多孔粒现场混装铵胺炸药性能的影响

李天浩; 吴红波; 汪泉; 黄文尧; 孙彦臣; 牛草原; 黄菓树; 叶紫阳

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20240885

水含量对多孔粒现场混装铵胺炸药性能的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20240885

1.
安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院, 安徽淮南　232001
2.
中安联合煤化有限责任公司, 安徽淮南　232000

基金项目: 安徽高校自然科学研究重大项目（2024AH040070）

详细信息

作者简介:
李天浩（2000－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事工业炸药研究. E-mail：1099285250@qq.com

通讯作者:
吴红波（1975－），男，博士，教授，主要从事爆破器材与安全研究. E-mail：hbwu@aust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O521.3; O383
计量
- 文章访问数: 15
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-06
- 修回日期: 2024-11-11
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-05

Effect of Water Content on the Performance of Porous Granular Ammonium Nitrate On-Site Mixed Ammonium Amine Explosive

1.
School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
Zhongan United Coal Chemical Co., Ltd., Huainan 232000, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究水含量对多孔粒现场混装铵胺炸药性能的影响，通过控制水相中的水含量，制备5组不同水含量的现场混装铵胺炸药。使用扫描电镜观测多孔粒状硝酸铵的微观结构，用Brinkley-Wilson法计算了炸药的爆热和爆速。测试了不同水含量下多孔粒状硝酸铵的溶解度，以及铵胺炸药基质的黏度、炸药的浸水电导率和爆速。结果表明：当水的质量分数由9%增至17%时，铵胺炸药基质的混合均匀度增加，初始黏度由218539 mPa·s降至99443 mPa·s；不同水含量炸药浸水3 h后的电导率先由1.416 mS/cm降至1.234 mS/cm，后升至2.600 mS/cm；理论爆速由4943 m/s降至4716 m/s；实际爆速受到固体硝酸铵含量影响，先由3376 m/s增至3676 m/s，后下降至3631 m/s。实际生产中现场混装铵胺炸药中水的质量分数应控制在13%左右，此时炸药的抗水性最佳，实际爆速较高。
- 水含量 /
- 铵胺炸药 /
- 黏度 /
- 抗水性 /
- 爆速
Abstract: In order to study the effect of water content on the performance of porous granular ammonium nitrate on-site mixed ammonium amine explosives, five groups of on-site mixed ammonium amine explosives with different water contents were prepared by controlling the water content in the aqueous phase. We used scanning electron microscope to observe the internal microstructure of porous granular ammonium nitrate, and Brinkley-Wilson method to carry out theoretical calculations on the heat of detonation and detonation velocity of the explosives. The solubility of porous granular ammonium nitrate at different water contents was tested, and the viscosity of the ammonium amine explosive matrix, the immersion conductivity and the detonation velocity were tested. The results show that with the increase of water mass fraction from 9% to 17%, the mixing homogeneity of ammonium amine explosive matrix increased, the initial viscosity decreases from 218539 mPa·s to 99443 mPa·s; the conductivity of the explosive immersed in water with different water content for 3 h first decreased from 1.416 mS/cm to 1.234 mS/cm, and then increases to 2.600 mS/cm; the theoretical detonation velocity decreases from 4943 m/s to 4716 m/s; the actual detonation velocity is affected by the content of solid ammonium nitrate, first increasing from 3376 m/s to 3676 m/s, and then decreasing to 3631 m/s. In actual production, the mass fraction of water in on-site mixed ammonium amine explosives should be controlled at approximately 13%. At this water content, the explosives exhibit optimal water resistance, and achieve a relatively high actual detonation velocity.
- water content /
- ammonium amine explosive /
- viscosity /
- water-resistance /
- detonation velocity

HTML全文

图 1 现场混装铵胺炸药的制备工艺

Figure 1. Preparation technology of on-site mixed ammonium amine explosive

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图 2 爆速测试系统

Figure 2. Detonation velocity test system

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图 3 多孔粒状硝酸铵内部结构SEM图像

Figure 3. SEM image of the internal structure of porous granular ammonium nitrate

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图 4 不同质量分数水的混装铵胺炸药基质的俯视图

Figure 4. Top views of on-site mixed ammonium amine explosive with different water mass fraction

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图 5 静置48 h后铵胺炸药基质的外观形貌

Figure 5. Appearances of the matrices of ammonium amine explosive after 48 h

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图 6 铵胺炸药基质黏度与水质量分数的关系曲线

Figure 6. Relationship curves between the viscosity of ammonium amine explosive matrix and mass fraction of water

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图 7 铵胺炸药电导率随时间的变化曲线

Figure 7. Conductivity curves of ammonium amine explosive with time

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图 8 固体硝酸铵含量和铵胺炸药爆速与水质量分数的关系曲线

Figure 8. Relationship curves between solid ammonium nitrate content and detonation speed of ammonium amine explosive with mass fraction of water

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表 1 现场混装铵胺炸药的基础配方

Table 1. Base formula for field mixed ammonium explosive

Ingredient	Mass fraction/%
pg-AN	71.0
SN	2.5
H₂O	11.0
HMT	6.5
Acetic acid	6.7
Diesel oil	1.0
Sesbania gum	0.9
Foaming agent	0.3
Cross-linking agent	0.1

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表 2 不同水质量分数的铵胺炸药基质的黏度（部分）

Table 2. Viscosities of ammonium amine explosive matrix with different mass fractions of water (part)

No.	Mass fraction of water/%	Viscosity/(mPa·s)
No.	Mass fraction of water/%	12 s	24 s	36 s	48 s	40 s
1	9	218539	213917	208948	201272	208110
2	11	177683	165572	166761	165073	165222
3	13	145348	140874	140316	142264	138693
4	15	117442	110735	106030	106877	104661
5	17	99443	94217	92879	92009	93606

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表 3 现场混装铵胺炸药的理论爆轰参数

Table 3. Theoretical detonation parameters of on-site mixed ammonium amine explosive

No.	Mass fraction/%									Q_V/ (J·g^–1)	v_D/ (m·s^–1)
No.	pg-AN	SN	H₂O	HMT	Acetic acid	Diesel oil	Sesbania gum	Foaming agent	Cross-linking agent	Q_V/ (J·g^–1)	v_D/ (m·s^–1)
1	73.0	2.5	9.0	6.5	6.7	1.0	0.9	0.3	0.1	3430	5454
2	71.0	2.5	11.0	6.5	6.7	1.0	0.9	0.3	0.1	3402	5403
3	69.0	2.5	13.0	6.5	6.7	1.0	0.9	0.3	0.1	3351	5333
4	67.0	2.5	15.0	6.5	6.7	1.0	0.9	0.3	0.1	3299	5234
5	65.0	2.5	17.0	6.5	6.7	1.0	0.9	0.3	0.1	3247	5165

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