圆柱形装药爆炸驱动球形破片的飞散特性

申仕良; 李金柱; 马峰; 姚志彦

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20240865

圆柱形装药爆炸驱动球形破片的飞散特性

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20240865

北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室, 北京　100081

详细信息

作者简介:
申仕良（1999－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸与冲击动力学研究. E-mail：shen_shiliang@126.com

通讯作者:
李金柱（1972－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事爆炸与冲击动力学研究. E-mail：lijinzhu@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389; O521.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 22
- HTML全文浏览量: 12
- PDF下载量: 2
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-05
- 修回日期: 2024-08-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-31

Dispersion Characteristics of Spherical Fragments Driven by Cylindrical Charge

State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究球形预制钨破片在圆柱形装药驱动下的飞散规律，开展了预制破片战斗部飞散试验。针对传统梳状靶无法测量破片群速度分布的问题，设计并制作了一种全新的交叉梳状靶，成功测得了多个破片穿靶产生的脉冲信号和着靶位置。采用LS-DYNA模拟研究了圆柱形装药爆炸驱动球形破片的飞散特性。结果表明：数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好，交叉梳状测速靶能够较为准确地测量多个破片的飞散速度；增加装药长径比可以削弱装药两端稀疏波对破片速度的影响，但效果随长径比增加而逐渐减弱。
- 交叉梳状靶 /
- 测速装置 /
- 预制破片 /
- 飞散速度 /
- 长径比
Abstract: To investigate the dispersion characteristics of spherical tungsten fragments driven by a cylindrical charge, dispersion tests were conducted on a warhead with spherical prefabricated fragments. Considering the limitation of traditional comb targets, which can only measure the maximum velocity instead of the velocity distribution of the fragment group, a novel crossed-comb target was designed and fabricated. This velocity measurement device successfully recorded the pulse signals generated by multiple fragments penetrating the target and the impact positions. Numerical simulations were conducted using LS-DYNA to calculate the dispersion characteristics of spherical fragments driven by cylindrical charges. The results indicate that the numerical simulation results agree well with the test data. The designed crossed-comb shaped target can accurately measure the scattering velocities of multiple fragments. Increasing the length-to-diameter ratio can mitigate the effect of rarefaction waves at both ends of the charge on the fragment velocities; however, this mitigating effect diminishes as the length-to-diameter ratio continues to increase.
- cross-comb target /
- velocity measurement device /
- prefabricated fragments /
- dispersion velocity /
- length-to-diameter ratio

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图 1 试验用弹丸照片

Figure 1. Photo of projectile in the test

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图 2 球形破片交错紧密排布方式

Figure 2. Staggered tight arrangement of spherical fragments

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图 3 交叉梳状靶结构示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of cross-combed target structure

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图 4 试验所用交叉梳状靶照片

Figure 4. Cross-combed targets used in the test

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图 5 预制破片测速装置

Figure 5. Velocity measurement system of preformed fragment

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图 6 爆炸试验布局

Figure 6. Layout of explosion test

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图 7 理论着靶破片列数示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the theoretical number of fragment penetration rows

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图 8 由Shapiro公式得到的飞散角沿装药轴线方向的分布

Figure 8. Distribution of dispersion angles along the charge axis direction obtained by Shapiro’s equation

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图 9 不同测速靶上的破片穿孔情况

Figure 9. Fragment perforations on different velocity measurement targets

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图 10 破片穿透梳状靶的局部状态

Figure 10. Localized condition of fragment penetrations through the comb-shaped target

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图 11 测速靶3的前靶和后靶穿孔分布

Figure 11. Fragment perforation distribution on the front and rear targets of the velocity measurement target 3

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图 12 破片穿靶后产生的典型脉冲信号

Figure 12. Typical pulse signal generated after fragment penetration of the target

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图 13 有限元模型

Figure 13. Finite element model

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图 14 破片速度沿装药轴线的分布

Figure 14. Distribution of fragments velocity along the axis of charge

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图 15 破片飞散角沿装药轴线的分布

Figure 15. Distribution of dispersion angle along the axis of charge

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图 16 不同长径比装药结构的破片速度沿轴线的分布

Figure 16. Distribution of fragments velocity along the axis of charges with different length-to-diameter ratios

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表 1 速度测量中靶板设置

Table 1. Target plate setting for velocity measurement

Test No.	Target No.	l/m
1	1	2.40
2	2	2.50
3	3	2.53
4	4	2.53

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表 2 各交叉梳状靶上破片穿孔数统计

Table 2. Statistics of the number of fragment perforations on each cross-combed target

Target No.	Number of perforations
Target No.	1st column	2nd column	3rd column	4th column	Total
1	12	11	12	12	47
2	12	11	11	13	47
3	12	11	12	12	47
4	12	14	12	12	50

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表 3 测速靶3上着靶破片的飞散角

Table 3. Dispersion angles of the fragments on the velocity measurement target 3

Serial No.	$ \theta $/(°)
Serial No.	1st column	2nd column	3rd column	4th column
1	10.30	8.70	10.72	9.07
2	6.32	4.34	5.85	3.66
3	3.34	1.22	2.85	1.18
4	1.36	1.08	1.90	0.85
5	1.69	2.85	1.04	1.10
6	2.90	3.80	2.67	2.71
7	4.97	4.40	4.99	4.44
8	5.42	5.04	5.47	4.95
9	8.59	9.45	8.72	5.06
10	8.61	10.10	8.90	8.46
11	9.99	10.87	9.95	9.48
12	11.70		10.66	11.13

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表 4 试验测得的破片飞散速度

Table 4. Measured fragment dispersion velocities from the test

Serial No.	v/(m·s⁻¹)		Serial No.	v/(m·s⁻¹)
Serial No.	1st column	2nd column	Serial No.	1st column	2nd column
1	874.96	988.41	7	1457.39	1489.04
2	970.88	964.78	8	1508.74	1543.37
3	1105.71	1142.22	9	1562.08	1564.86
4	1090.10	1055.14	10	1564.89	1483.69
5	1256.42	1396.95	11	1385.48	1380.44
6	1380.11	1425.48	12	1276.79

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表 5 93钨球形破片的材料参数

Table 5. Material parameters of 93 tungsten spherical fragments

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	σ_s/GPa	E/GPa	G/GPa	μ
17.6	1.506	300	137	0.22

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表 6 8701炸药性能参数

Table 6. 8701 explosive performance parameters

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	v_D/(km·s⁻¹)	p_CJ/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂
1.7	8.3	30	581.4	9.8016	4.1	1.4

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表 7 不同长径比下的破片速度

Table 7. Fragments velocities under varying length-to-diameter ratios

L/D	v_max/(m·s⁻¹)	v_min/(m·s⁻¹)	v_ave/(m·s⁻¹)
1	1432.98	956.72	1244.25
2	1629.43	963.78	1447.54
3	1737.14	993.59	1557.48
4	1755.82	961.62	1600.81

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