Optimization Study of Pre-Splitting Hole Spacing for Continuous Charging Based on RHT Constitutive Model
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摘要: 为解决北衙金矿在使用预裂爆破技术时整体爆破效果不佳的问题，基于RHT损伤本构模型，利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件，开展了不同孔距下预裂爆破的数值模拟研究。结果表明：当预裂孔炮孔间距为120 cm时，孔间裂纹存在较为明显的分叉，且裂纹扩展范围较大；当炮孔间距为130 cm时，裂纹向四周扩展的范围减小，且炮孔周围岩石的损伤程度明显降低；当炮孔间距增加至140 cm时，相邻预裂孔连线上的裂纹仅在局部连通，无法实现孔间贯穿。上述结果说明，130 cm的炮孔间距在降低预裂爆破自身对岩体的扰动与实现有效爆破成缝之间达到了平衡。基于数值模拟试验结果开展了现场试验，爆破效果良好。研究结果可为矿山的预裂爆破设计和施工提供参考。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of poor overall blasting effect when using pre-splitting blasting technology in Beiya gold mine, based on RHT damage constitutive model, numerical simulation research on pre-splitting blasting under different hole spacings was carried out by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation software. The results show that when the hole spacing of pre-splitting hole is set to 120 cm, the crack between holes has obvious bifurcation and the crack propagation range is large. When the hole spacing is set to 130 cm, the crack propagation range decreases within the surrounding area, and the rock damage around the blast hole is obviously reduced. When the hole spacing is further increased to 140 cm, it is found that the cracks on the connecting line of adjacent pre-splitting holes are only locally connected and cannot penetrate through holes. It shows that the 130 cm hole spacing has reached an ideal balance between reducing the disturbance of the pre-splitting blasting itself to the rock mass and achieving effective blasting. Based on the results of numerical simulation, the site test has achieved good blasting effect. The research results can provide reference for the design and construction of pre-splitting blasting in similar mines.
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图 7 调整优化后的应力-应变曲线对比图
Figure 7. Comparison of stress-strain curves after adjustment and optimization
图 9 单孔爆破近区损伤结果（y=0）
Figure 9. Near-field damage results of single-hole blasting (y = 0)
图 11 炮孔间距为120 cm时预裂面的损伤情况
Figure 11. Pre-splitting surface damage at hole spacing of 120 cm
图 12 炮孔间距为120 cm时孔间裂纹的扩展情况
Figure 12. Inter-hole crack propagation at hole spacing of 120 cm
表 1 灰岩的静力学参数
Table 1. Limestone’s statics parameters
$ {\rho }_{0} $/(g∙cm−3) $ f\mathrm{_c} $/MPa $ f\mathrm{_t} $/MPa $ E $/GPa ν c0/(m·s−1) 2.68 51.95 2.62 5.08 0.28 3605 
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表 2 不同围压下岩石的力学参数
Table 2. Mechanic parameters of rock under different confining pressures
$ {\sigma }_{1} $/MPa $ {\sigma }_{2}/\mathrm{M}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{a} $ $ {\sigma }_{3} $/MPa $ {P}_{0}^{*} $ $ \sigma_{\mathrm{f}}^* $ 51.95 0 0 0.33 1.00 188.84 20 20 1.47 3.25 271.18 40 40 2.25 4.45 340.01 60 60 2.95 5.39 401.57 80 80 3.60 6.19
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表 3 灰岩的RHT本构参数
Table 3. RHT constitutive parameters of limestone
$ f\mathrm{_c} $/MPa $ f_{\mathrm{\;t}}^{\mathrm{*}} $ D1 G $ \varepsilon_{\mathrm{p}}^{\mathrm{m}} $ $ {p}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}} $/MPa XI A N Q0 51.95 0.05 0.04 1.98 0.01 39.93 0.5 2.605 0.689 0.68 B $ \beta\mathrm{_c} $ $ \beta\mathrm{_t} $ B1 B0 $ n_{\mathrm{p}} $ $ g_{\mathrm{t}}^{\mathrm{*}} $ Af $ f_{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{*}} $ T1/GPa 0.05 0.02 0.025 1.6 1.6 3 0.7 0.27 0.17 34.83 A1/GPa A2/GPa A3/GPa $ g_{\mathrm{c}}^{\mathrm{*}} $ Nf $ {p}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}} $/MPa T2 34.83 55.73 30.3 0.8 0.63 0.06 0
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表 4 2#岩石乳化炸药物理力学参数
Table 4. Physical and mechanical parameters of 2# rock emulsion explosive
$ {\rho }_{0}/ $(g·cm−3) $ D/ $(m·s−1) $ p\mathrm{_J}/\text{GPa} $ $ A\mathrm{_{e_{ }}}/\text{GPa} $ $ B\mathrm{_e}/\text{GPa} $ $ {R}_{1} $ $ {R}_{2} $ $ \omega $ $ {e}_{0}/\text{GPa} $ 1.25 3200 9.53 276.2 8.44 5.2 2.1 0.57 3.87
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表 5 预裂爆破的爆破参数
Table 5. The blasting parameters of pre-splitting blasting
d/mm Dhole/cm H/m L/m l/m 115 130 12 9 3
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