Effect of High Temperature and High Pressure on the Explosion Characteristics of Ternary Premixed Fuel
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摘要: 乙醇/甲烷/氢气（C2H5OH/CH4/H2）作为一种新型的替代燃料，研究其爆炸特性对于我国新能源的可持续发展具有重要意义。在不同的当量比（0.8～1.4）、初始压力（0.1、0.2和0.4 MPa）和初始温度（370、400和450 K）下，从实验和化学动力学角度分析了其对关键爆炸特性参数，如峰值爆炸压力、峰值爆炸压力上升速率、爆炸时间以及爆燃指数的影响。结果表明，爆炸特性参数在当量比为1.2～1.3之间时出现极值。峰值爆炸压力与初始压力呈线性正相关，而与初始温度呈线性负相关。增大初始压力，火焰锋面裂纹、胞化程度加深，峰值爆炸压力增大。此外，实验工况下评估的最大爆燃指数为20.83 MPa·m/s，表明预混燃料的燃烧处于相对安全水平。基元反应敏感性分析表明：爆燃反应与H和OH自由基密切相关，而R1、R8、R24、R96是影响爆炸反应强度最重要的4个基元反应。研究成果可为C2H5OH/CH4/H2三元混合燃料在实际燃烧装置中的应用、燃料安全性评估以及爆炸事故预防提供参考。Abstract: As a new alternative fuel, ethanol/methane/hydrogen (C2H5OH/CH4/H2) is of great significance for the sustainable development of new energy in China. The effects of different equivalence ratios (0.8−1.4), initial pressures (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 MPa) and initial temperatures (370, 400 and 450 K) on key explosion characteristics such as peak explosion pressure, peak explosion pressure rise rate, explosion time and deflagration index were analyzed from the experimental and chemical kinetics perspectives. The results show that the explosion characteristic parameters exhibit extreme values when the equivalence ratios between 1.2 and 1.3. The peak explosion pressure is positively correlated with initial pressure and negatively correlated with initial temperature, and this correlation is linear. With the increase in initial pressure, the crack and cytochemical degree of the flame front deepened, and the peak explosion pressure increased. In addition, the maximum deflagration index evaluated under experimental conditions was 20.83 MPa·m/s, indicating that the combustion of premixed fuel/air was at a relatively safe level. The reaction sensitivity analysis of the motives showed that the deflagration reaction was closely related to the H and OH radicals, and R1, R8, R24 and R96 were the top four motif reactions that had the most important impact on the explosion reaction intensity. This work can provide a valuable reference for the application of C2H5OH/CH4/H2 ternary mixed fuel in actual combustion units, the evaluation of fuel safety, and the prevention of explosion accidents.
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图 2 T0=400 K、p0=0.2 MPa、Ф=1.0时的pmax、(dp/dt)max和tc
Figure 2. Values of pmax, (dp/dt)max, and tc obtained at T0=400 K, p0=0.2 MPa, and Φ=1.0
图 3 T0=450 K、p0=0.4 MPa时不同Φ下的C2H5OH/CH4/H2火焰图像
Figure 3. C2H5OH/CH4/H2 flame images at different Φ when T0=450 K and p0=0.4 MPa
图 4 T0=450 K时不同p0和Φ下的C2H5OH/CH4/H2火焰图像
Figure 4. C2H5OH/CH4/H2 flame images at different p0 and Φ when T0=450 K
图 5 p0=0.4 MPa时不同T0和Φ的C2H5OH/CH4/H2火焰图像
Figure 5. C2H5OH/CH4/H2 flame images at different T0 and Φ when p0=0.4 MPa
图 6 当量比、初始压力和温度对爆炸压力的影响
Figure 6. Influence of equivalence ratio, initial pressure and temperature on explosion pressure
图 7 不同初始工况下C2H5OH/CH4/H2预混燃料的峰值爆炸压力
Figure 7. Peak explosion pressure of C2H5OH/CH4/H2 premixed fuel under different initial conditions
图 8 峰值爆炸压力随初始压力的变化规律
Figure 8. Relationship between peak explosion pressure and initial pressure
图 9 峰值爆炸压力随初始温度的变化规律
Figure 9. Relationship between peak explosion pressure and initial temperature
图 10 T0 = 450 K、p0=0.4 MPa时不同当量比下爆炸压力上升率的变化曲线
Figure 10. Time curves of explosion pressure rise rate under different equivalence ratio at T0=450 K, p0=0.4 MPa
图 11 T0=450 K、Ф=1.2时不同初始压力下的爆炸压力上升率的变化曲线
Figure 11. Time curves of explosion pressure rise rate under different initial pressures when T0=450 K and Ф=1.2
图 12 p0=0.4 MPa、Ф=1.2时不同初始温度下的爆炸压力上升率变化曲线
Figure 12. Time curves of explosion pressure rise rate under different initial temperatures when p0=0.4 MPa and Ф=1.2
图 15 爆炸时间与初始温度、初始压力的关系
Figure 15. Relationship between explosion time, initial temperature and initial pressure
图 17 以往研究中H2/CH4预混燃料层流燃烧速度的对比（H2与CH4体积分数之比为1∶4）
Figure 17. Comparison of laminar burning velocity of H2/CH4 premixed fuels from previous studies (The ratio of H2 and CH4 volume fraction is 1∶4)
图 18 C2H5OH/CH4/H2预混燃料实验得到的层流燃烧速度与整合机理模拟数据的对比
Figure 18. Comparison of experimental laminar burning velocity and integration mechanism simulation data of C2H5OH/CH4/H2 premixed fuel
图 19 不同当量比下的基元反应敏感性数据
Figure 19. Reaction sensitivity data of primitives at different equivalence ratios
图 20 不同初始压力下的基元反应敏感性数据
Figure 20. Reaction sensitivity data of primitives at different initial pressures
图 21 不同初始温度下的基元反应敏感性数据
Figure 21. Reaction sensitivity data of the primitives at different initial temperatures
图 22 不同初始压力下C2H5OH/CH4/H2的关键反应路径分析
Figure 22. Analysis of C2H5OH/CH4/H2 critical reaction pathways under different initial pressures
表 1 实验的初始条件
Table 1. Initial conditions of the experiment
Φ p0/MPa T0/K $ {\varphi}_{{\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{5}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}} $/% $ {\varphi}_{{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_{4}}$/% $ {\varphi}_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}$/% 0.8−1.4 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 370, 400, 450 50 40 10 
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表 2 T0=450 K下峰值爆炸压力与初始压力的相关性系数
Table 2. Correlation coefficient between peak explosion pressure and initial pressure at T0=450 K
Φ a b 0.8 −0.039 30 4.716 11 0.9 −0.024 41 5.268 32 1.0 −0.006 71 5.439 43 1.1 −0.020 74 5.788 41 1.2 −0.009 14 5.997 85
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表 3 p0=0.4 MPa下峰值爆炸压力与初始温度的相关性系数
Table 3. Correlation coefficient between peak explosion pressure and initial temperature at p0=0.4 MPa
Φ c d 0.8 3.409 94 −0.003 45 0.9 3.588 53 −0.003 33 1.0 4.428 85 −0.004 98 1.1 4.585 72 −0.005 12 1.2 4.551 11 −0.004 68
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