Numerical Simulation Study on Macro-Microscopic Damage of PBX Charge during Penetration of Double-Layer Targets
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摘要: 针对高速战斗部侵彻双层目标时装药的损伤问题，基于内聚力模型开展了PBX装药战斗部侵彻双层靶板的数值模拟研究。采用内聚力模型计算装药损伤的出现与演化，分析了侵彻速度与损伤发生的关系，通过损伤比对侵彻结束后PBX装药的损伤进行了量化，建立了PBX装药细观损伤仿真模型，研究了侵彻双层靶板过程中PBX装药细观损伤机制。结果表明：当弹体垂直侵彻双层靶板时，在压-拉反复作用下，装药尾部形成了垂直于加载方向的贯穿裂纹，且装药的损伤程度随着侵彻速度的增大而增大；在侵彻双层靶板过程中，PBX装药的主要损伤模式是界面脱粘，微裂纹最先出现在颗粒边角处，并且逐渐增多，最终界面微裂纹失稳扩展并汇聚为连续的主裂纹。Abstract: To study the charge damage evolution process when a high-velocity warhead penetrated a double-layer target, a numerical simulation study was conducted using a cohesive zone model to investigate the penetration of double-layer target. The cohesive zone model was utilized to calculate the occurrence and evolution of PBX damage, as well as to analyze the relationship between the penetration velocity and damage evolution. The quantification of damage was conducted by means of the damage ratio. Furthermore, a micro-damage finite element model for PBX was established to examine the microscopic damage mechanisms during penetration into a double-layer target. The results show that when the projectile penetrates the target plate vertically, the extent of damage of the charge increases with the increase of penetration velocity. From a microscopic perspective, it was observed that cyclic tensile and compressive loads induced the formation of vertical cracks perpendicular to the loading direction. The primary mechanism of damage in PBX charge penetration into double-layer target is interface debonding. Additionally, the microcracks destabilize, propagate, and converge into a continuous main crack.
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图 4 内聚力单元的双线性力-位移定律模型
Figure 4. Bilinear traction-separation law model of cohesive element
图 6 PBX在
2000 s−1应变率下的应力-应变曲线Figure 6. Stress-strain curves of PBX at the strain rate of
2000 s−1
图 7 数值模拟得到的装药内部损伤演化历程
Figure 7. Damage evolution contour of explosive charge obtained from numerical simulation
图 8 侵彻结束后装药CT扫描重构图像
Figure 8. Reconstruction of CT scan of the charge after penetration
图 9 不同侵彻速度侵彻后装药的损伤
Figure 9. Damage contour of explosive charge after penetration at different velocities
图 10 装药尾部易损伤区域的轴向和径向应力时程曲线及边界条件
Figure 10. Axial and radial stress histories and boundary conditions at the danger zone of the charge tail region
图 11 侵彻双层靶板过程中PBX装药细观结构的主应变分布
Figure 11. Principal strain distributions for microscopic model during the penetration of double-layer target
图 12 侵彻双层靶板过程中PBX装药的损伤演化
Figure 12. Damage evolution process of PBX during penetration of double-layer target
表 1 弹壳、靶板和缓冲层的材料参数
Table 1. Parameters of projectile shell, target, and buffer layer
Material $ \rho $/(kg·m−3) μ E/GPa A/MPa B/MPa n C m $ {\dot \varepsilon _0} $/s−1 35CrMnSi steel 7830 0.30 204 1440 1501 0.4403 0.039 0.404 10−3 45 steel 7830 0.33 210 496 434 0.2600 0.014 1.030 1.0 Polycarbonate 1190 0.38 3.6 84 3228 3.1456 0.089 1.010 0.1 
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表 2 PBX装药的内聚力单元参数
Table 2. Cohesive elements parameters of PBX charge
Kcoh/(GPa·m−1) $ \sigma $/MPa G/(kN·m−1) 1700 23 0.17
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表 3 PBX装药颗粒、黏结剂和界面内聚力单元参数
Table 3. Cohesive elements parameters of particle, binder and interface
Cohesive element Kcoh/(GPa·m−1) $ \sigma $/MPa G/(kN·m−1) Particle 1800 6.00 0.010 Binder 900 7.50 0.150 Particle-binder interface 800 2.75 0.012
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