Mg/Al真空爆炸焊接微观形貌及力学性能

李雪交; 孙标; 张文喆; 刘笑; 钱敬业; 韩颖

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20240793

Mg/Al真空爆炸焊接微观形貌及力学性能

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20240793

安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院, 安徽淮南 232001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11872002）；煤矿安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心开放基金（EC2023024）

详细信息

作者简介:
李雪交（1986－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事工业炸药与爆炸加工研究. E-mail：17364305003@163.com

中图分类号: O389；TG442
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-17
- 修回日期: 2024-04-24
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-19
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-05

Micro-Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Mg/Al Composites under Vacuum Explosion Welding

School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 镁合金和铝合金因具有较高的化学活性，在常规焊接方式下，其表面的氧化物会掺杂到焊接接头内，使得复合板的结合性能下降。为了提高Mg/Al复合板的结合强度，采用真空爆炸焊接法制备了Mg-AZ31B/Al-6061复合板，并与常规空气环境下制备的相同参数复合板进行对比。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪以及万能试验机，对结合界面的微观形貌、元素分布和力学性能进行分析。结果表明：由于气体冲击波压力不同，真空环境下复合材料的界面形貌与空气环境下有很大区别；真空环境有效抑制了镁、铝两种金属氧化，在熔化区未检测到金属氧化物。此外，还观察到真空环境下试样的剪切强度和拉伸强度显著增大。因此，真空爆炸焊接对Mg/Al复合板性能的提升起到了重要作用，可以作为一种有效的金属焊接方法。
- 真空环境 /
- 爆炸焊接 /
- Mg/Al复合板 /
- 结合界面 /
- 微观形貌 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: Oxides are prone to occur in welded joints by using of conventional welding methods due to high specific oxidation activity of magnesium and aluminum alloys, which leads to a decrease in the bonding performance of the composite plates. In order to improve the bonding strength of Mg-Al composite plates, Mg-AZ31B/Al-6061 composite plates were manufactured by vacuum explosive welding method, and compared with fabricating the same composite plates in air environment. The microstructure, elements distribution and mechanical properties of the interface were analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy spectrometer and universal testing machine. The results show that the interfacial morphology of composites welded in vacuum environment is largely different from that in air environment due to the difference of gas shock pressure. The vacuum environment effectively inhibited the oxidation of magnesium and aluminum, and no metal oxides were detected in the melting zone. In addition, it was observed that the shear strength and tensile strength of the samples increased significantly under vacuum explosive welding. Therefore, vacuum explosive welding plays an important role in improving the performance of Mg/Al composite plates, and can be used as an high-performance metal welding method.
- vacuum environment /
- explosive welding /
- Mg/Al composite plate /
- bonding interface /
- microtopography /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 真空爆炸罐示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of vacuum explosion vessel

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图 2 试样尺寸（单位：mm）

Figure 2. The size of specimens (Unit: mm)

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图 3 力学性能测试装置示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of mechanical performance testing device

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图 4 空气环境下焊接试样的光学显微图像

Figure 4. Microscopy images of the specimen welded under air

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图 5 真空环境下焊接试样的光学显微图像

Figure 5. Microscopy images of the specimen welded under vacuum

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图 6 空气环境下焊接试样的SEM图像

Figure 6. SEM images of the specimen welded in air

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图 7 真空环境下焊接试样的SEM图像

Figure 7. SEM images of the specimen welded in vacuum

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图 8 结合界面处的EDS线扫描结果：（a）空气环境下线扫描微观结构，（b）真空环境下线扫描微观结构，（c）空气环境下的EDS线扫描界面分析，（d）真空环境下的EDS线扫描界面分析

Figure 8. EDS line scanning results of interface: (a) scanning of microstructure in air environment; (b) scanning of microstructure in vacuum environment; (c) EDS line scan interface analysis in air environment; (d) EDS line scan interface analysis in vacuum environment

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图 9 结合界面氧元素的EDS测量结果

Figure 9. Results of interface oxygen element by EDS measurement

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图 10 两种环境下的剪切强度-位移曲线

Figure 10. Shear stress-displacement curves under two conditions

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图 11 试样剪切断裂面的宏观形貌

Figure 11. Macroscopic morphology of shear fracture section

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图 12 剪切断裂面的SEM形貌：(a)～(c) 空气环境下焊接试样，(d)～(f) 真空环境下焊接试样

Figure 12. SEM images of shear fracture surface: (a)−(c) welded specimen in air; (d)−(f) welded specimen in vacuum

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图 13 拉伸应力-应变曲线

Figure 13. Tensile stress-strain curves

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图 14 空气环境下焊接试样拉伸断口的SEM形貌：（a）～（b）Al侧，（c）结合界面，（d）～（f）Mg侧

Figure 14. SEM morphology of tensile fracture specimen welded in air: (a)–(b) Al side; (c) bonding interface; (d)–(f) Mg side

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图 15 真空环境下焊接试样拉伸断口的SEM形貌：（a）～（b）Al侧，（c）结合界面，（d）～（f）Mg侧

Figure 15. SEM morphology of tensile fracture specimen welded in vacuum：(a)–(b) Al side; (c) bonding interface; (d)–(f) Mg side

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表 1 实验复合板材的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of experimental materials

Materials	Component content/%
Materials	Al	Si	Ca	Zn	Mn	Ti	Mg	Fe
Mg-AZ31B	3.1	0.03	0.05	0.82	0.335		Rest	0.003
Al-6061	Rest	0.80		0.25	0.150	0.15	1.2	0.700

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表 2 实验材料的力学性能

Table 2. Mechanical properties of the materials

Materials	Vickers hardness/HV	Yied strength/MPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Shear strength/MPa	Elongation/%
Mg-AZ31B	44	140	225	130	15
Al-6061	108	220	290	124	8

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表 3 乳化基质的成分

Table 3. Components of the emulsion matrix

Ingredient	Mass fraction/%
NH₄NO₃	75
NaNO₃	8
H₂O	11
C₁₈H₃₈	4
C₂₄H₄₄0₆	2

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表 4 两种环境下熔化区物质的化学组成

Table 4. Chemical composition of the corresponding substances in the melting zone in both environments

Melt zone substance No.	Environment	Component content/%
Melt zone substance No.	Environment	Mg	Al	O	Mn	Zn
K1	Air	75.5	19.9	4.6
K2	Air	78.2	14.1	5.9	1.8
K3	Air	81.7	11.7	5.8		0.8
K4	Air	96.9	0.4	1.6	0.3	0.8
K5	Air	78.5	17.9	3.6
K6	Vacuum	79.0	18.8	0.4	1.2	0.6
K7	Vacuum	98.1	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.7

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表 5 复合板不同部位的剪切强度

Table 5. Shear strength of different positions of composite plates

Experimental environment	Shear strength/MPa
Experimental environment	2 cm	6 cm	10 cm
Atmospheric	60	82	71
Vacuum	68	96	83

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