High-Pressure Phase Transitions Kinetics and Physical Properties on Second-to-Microsecond Time Scales: Review, Progress and Prospects
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摘要: 近年来，基于金刚石对顶砧的快速加载技术（如动态金刚石对顶砧）和时间分辨探测技术的快速发展为高压科学研究开辟了新的研究方向和思路。这些技术使得科学家能够探索微秒到秒级时间尺度的高压非平衡物理过程，填补了静高压与动态冲击波实验之间的空白。本文回顾并总结了近年来在快速加载和时间分辨探测技术上的进展，详细探讨了依赖于加载速率的结构相变动力学、相变途径、亚稳相的形成、微结构、力致发光等现象。希望通过深入思考和系统归纳微秒至秒级时间尺度的高压科学问题和技术挑战，为高压科学领域的研究者提供新的启示和参考。Abstract: In recent years, the development of rapid loading techniques (such as dynamic diamond anvil cell, dDAC) and time-resolved detection technologies based on diamond anvil presses has opened up new research directions in high-pressure science. This involves exploring the evolution of material structures and physical properties under pressure (or over time) in high-pressure non-equilibrium physical processes that lie between static high-pressure and shock-wave experiments in terms of time scale and loading rate. By reviewing and summarizing the rapid loading and time-resolved probe techniques that have emerged in recent years, this paper attempts to think about and generalize high-pressure science issues and technical challenges on the microsecond to second time scale. It starts from aspects such as structure phase transition dynamics that depend on loading rate, phase transition pathways, the formation of metastable phases, microstructures, and mechanoluminescence, aiming to provide some inspiration and reference for researchers in this field.
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图 1 压电陶瓷驱动dDAC：(a) 单压电陶瓷型，(b) 双压电陶瓷型，(c) 三压电陶瓷型
Figure 1. dDAC driven by (a) single piezoelectric activator, (b) double piezoelectric activators and (c) three piezoelectric activators
图 4 不同压缩率下水结构演化的高速光学显微镜图像
Figure 4. High-speed optical microscope images of water’s microstructural evolution at different compression rates
图 5 不同卸压速率下由β-Sn相Ge得到的亚稳相的HRTEM图像
Figure 5. HRTEM images of the metastable product phases transformed from β-Sn Ge at different decompression rates
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