钠离子电池的平板径向压缩安全特性研究

马宇哲; 杨军; 曹泽阳; 乔志军; 阮殿波

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20240750

钠离子电池的平板径向压缩安全特性研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20240750

马宇哲^{1, 2,},
杨军^{1, 2},
曹泽阳^{1, 2},
乔志军^{1, 2},
阮殿波^{1, 2,*, ,}

1.
宁波大学机械工程与力学学院, 浙江宁波　315211
2.
宁波大学先进储能技术与装备研究院, 浙江宁波　315211

基金项目: 浙江省重大科技项目（2022C01072）；宁波市重大科技项目（2022Z206）；宁波大学高层次人才引进项目（ZX2023000227）

详细信息

作者简介:
马宇哲（2001－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事钠离子电池安全性研究. E-mail：mayuzhe0523@163.com

通讯作者:
阮殿波（1969－），男，博士，教授，主要从事储能器件及其工程化研究. E-mail：ruandianbo@nbu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O348.3; O521.9; TM911
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-08
- 修回日期: 2024-04-07
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-25
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-05

Study on the Safety Characteristics of Flat Plate Compression of Sodium-Ion Batteries

MA Yuzhe^{1, 2
,},
YANG Jun^{1, 2},
CAO Zeyang^{1, 2},
QIAO Zhijun^{1, 2},
RUAN Dianbo^{1, 2,*
, ,}

1.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
2.
Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technology and Equipment, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 钠离子电池因其安全性高、成本低等优势成为电动汽车储能系统的主流研究对象。在电动汽车使用过程中，电池组受到挤压载荷时有可能出现热失控，因此研究钠离子电池碰撞安全与热失控特性对其发展至关重要。为揭示钠离子电池的平板压缩安全特性，针对正极为镍铁锰酸钠（NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂）、负极为硬碳体系的18650型钠离子电池，搭建电池平板压缩安全特性实验平台，研究电池压缩过程中的力-电-热响应，探究钠离子电池的热失控荷电状态范围和钠离子电池的热失控临界速度范围，并分析内短路过程，探寻受损电池的二次使用界限。结果表明：圆柱形钠离子电池荷电状态在80%和90%时发生热失控，热失控临界速度介于14～15 mm/min之间，且电池压缩过程符合标准“4 阶段”过程，压缩受损圆柱形钠离子电池存在二次使用安全界限。
- 钠离子电池 /
- 平板压缩 /
- 内短路 /
- 热失控
Abstract: Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have become one of the mainstream research objects of electric vehicle energy storage system due to their advantages of high safety performance and low cost. In the use of electric vehicles, thermal runaway may occur when the battery pack is subjected to compression loading, so it is crucial to study the collision safety characteristics and thermal runaway behaviors of SIBs for their development. In order to reveal the flat plate compression safety characteristics of SIBs, this work focused on 18650-type SIB with a positive electrode of NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ and a negative electrode of hard carbon. A test platform for the flat plate compression safety characteristics of the batteries was established to investigate the force-electric-thermal response during the battery compression, the state of charge (SOC) range and the critical speed range for thermal runaway of SIBs were explored, the internal short-circuit process was analyzed, and the secondary usage limit of damaged batteries was determined. The results indicate that thermal runaway occurs at charge states of 80% and 90% for cylindrical SIBs, a critical speed for thermal runaway is between 14 mm/min and 15 mm/min, and the battery compression process conforms to a standard “4-stage” process. The damaged cylindrical SIBs under compression have a secondary usage safety limit.
- sodium-ion batteries /
- flat plate compression /
- internal short circuit /
- thermal runaway

HTML全文

图 1 平板压缩实验流程

Figure 1. Flow chart of plate compression experiment

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图 2 不同SOC电池的载荷温度变化情况

Figure 2. Variation of load temperature of different SOC SIBs

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图 3 电池的峰值载荷和峰值温度变化

Figure 3. Peak load and peak temperature variation of SIBs

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图 4 不同压缩速度下电池的破坏形貌及电压、载荷、温度的变化

Figure 4. Damage morphology, voltage, load and temperature variation of batteries at different compression velocities

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图 5 SIBs平板压缩热失控过程分析

Figure 5. Analysis of thermal runaway process of sodium batteries flat plate compression

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图 6 受损电池充电过程的电压-时间曲线

Figure 6. Voltage-time curves of charging process of damaged battery

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图 7 受损电池充电过程的电流-时间曲线

Figure 7. Current-time curves of charging process of damaged battery

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图 8 受损电池的放电电压-时间曲线

Figure 8. Discharge voltage-time curves of damaged batteries

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图 9 不同受损程度电池的放电容量

Figure 9. Discharge capacity of batteries with different degrees of damage

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