花岗岩板双基火药切槽爆破破坏过程研究

王多良; 李洪伟; 梁昊; 李世影; 吴延梦; 赵静; 李纯志; 肖忠良

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20240711

花岗岩板双基火药切槽爆破破坏过程研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20240711

1.
安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院, 安徽淮南　232001
2.
南京理工大学化学与化工学院, 江苏南京　210094
3.
泸州北方化学工业有限公司, 四川泸州　646003

基金项目: 安徽高校自然科学研究项目（2022yjrc17）

详细信息

作者简介:
王多良（2000－），男，硕士研究生，主要从发射药及装药研究. E-mail：wangduoliang0720@163.com

通讯作者:
李洪伟（1979－），男，硕士，教授，主要从事爆炸技术及应用研究. E-mail：lihw@aust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O346.1; TJ562
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-16
- 修回日期: 2024-03-13
- 录用日期: 2024-03-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-25

Damage Process of Double Base Propellant Grooved Blasting on Granite Slab

1.
School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
3.
Luzhou North Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646003, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 针对目前炸药切槽爆破存在非切槽方向上岩石破坏的问题，研究了双基火药切槽爆破特性。基于火药燃气释放规律，计算了双基火药被激发后密闭炮孔内的压力变化情况。结合高速摄影和数字图像相关（digital image correlation, DIC）方法，开展了炮孔的火药装填密度分别为0.84和0.96 g/cm³的2组实验，探究了火药作用下花岗岩板的动态破坏过程。结果表明：火药点火后，2组实验中花岗岩板均在100 μs时沿切槽方向起裂，200 μs时裂纹贯穿石板；当装填密度为0.96 g/cm³时，试件在断裂后上下石板分离速度较大，在封堵橡胶的摩擦力和试件惯性的共同作用下，2500 μs时上下石板被横向拉裂，裂纹沿垂直方向。炮孔预制切槽为火药燃气的气楔作用提供了空间，很好地引导裂纹的扩展，孔壁周围没有形成压碎区。双基火药燃烧产生的准静态压力是裂纹起裂、扩展的主要动力。研究结果为双基火药在岩体定向爆破上的应用提供了参考。
- 切槽爆破 /
- 岩石断裂 /
- 双基火药 /
- 动态破坏过程 /
- 数字图像相关法
Abstract: Aiming at the current groove blasting problems of additional damage, the feasibility of double base propellant for groove blasting was explored. Based on the propellant gas release behavior, the pressure change of the double base propellant in the closed hole was calculated. Combined with high-speed photography and digital image correlation (DIC) method, two groups of experiments were carried out with propellant loading density of 0.84 and 0.96 g/cm³ to investigate the dynmic destruction process of granite slabs under the action of propellant. The results show that the granite slabs in the two groups of experiments were cracked along the groove direction at 100 μs after ignition, and the cracks penetrated through the slabs at 200 μs; the specimen with a charge density of 0.96 g/cm³ had a larger separation speed between the upper and lower slabs after fracture, and the upper and lower slabs were cracked by the friction of the blocking rubber and the inertia of the specimen, and the cracks were in the vertical direction at 2 500 μs. The grooves around the blast hole provide space for the effect of the propellant gas, and the grooves can effectively guide the direction of crack propagation, no crushing zone formed around the hole wall. The quasi-static pressure generated by the combustion of double-base propellant is the main driving force for crack initiation and propagation. The experimental results have some implications for the use of double base propellant in controlled rock blasting projects.
- grooved blasting /
- rock fracture /
- double base propellant /
- dynamic destructive process /
- digital image correlation

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图 1 应力强度因子的修正系数

Figure 1. Correction factor for stress intensity factor

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图 2 切槽爆破的断裂力学模型

Figure 2. Fracture mechanics model of groove blasting

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图 3 水射流加工后的花岗岩板

Figure 3. Granite specimens processed by water jetting

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图 4 高速摄影实验平台

Figure 4. High-speed photography experiment platform

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图 5 DIC原理示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the principle of DIC method

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图 6 破坏后的试件

Figure 6. Specimens after destruction

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图 7 2个试件的压力-已燃质量百分比曲线

Figure 7. Pressure-percentage of burned mass curves of two specimens

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图 8 试件1的高速摄影结果

Figure 8. High-speed photographic results of specimen 1

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图 9 试件2的高速摄影结果

Figure 9. High-speed photographic results of specimen 2

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图 10 试件1的DIC分析结果

Figure 10. DIC analysis results of specimen 1

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图 11 试件1测点的位置

Figure 11. Measurement points locations of specimen 1

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图 12 测点A₁和A₂的位移-时间曲线

Figure 12. Displacement-time curves of points A₁ and A₂

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图 13 试件2的DIC分析结果

Figure 13. DIC analysis results of specimen 2

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图 14 试件2中测点的位置

Figure 14. Measurement points’ locations of specimen 2

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图 15 测点B₁、B₂的位移-时间曲线

Figure 15. Displacement-time curves of points B₁ and B₂

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图 16 测点C₁、C₂的位移-时间曲线

Figure 16. Displacement-time curves of points C₁ and C₂

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表 1 几种岩石的断裂韧度

Table 1. Fracture toughness for several rock types

Type of rock	$ {K_{{\rm I}{{\mathrm{C}}} }} $/(MPa·m^1/2）	Type of rock	K_IC/(MPa·m^1/2）
Siltstone	0.35–2.56	Dolostones	1.70–2.57
Limestone	0.95–2.17	Granite	1.12–2.80
Shale	0.42–1.10	Marble	0.82–2.67

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表 2 实验用花岗岩板的力学参数

Table 2. Mechanical parameters of experimental granite specimens

Density/(g·cm⁻³)	Elastic modulus/GPa	Poisson’s ratio	Compressive strength/MPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Dynamic tensile strength/MPa
2.72	41	0.23	200	20	32

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