Design and Simulation of Shock-Release-Reshock Experimental Device for TATB-Based Insensitive Explosives under Detonation Loading
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摘要: 在一些特殊的工程应用和意外事故中，炸药内部可能会受到多次冲击压缩和卸载作用从而使其起爆性能发生变化，因此，需要一种可以模拟多次冲击和卸载的实验加载装置，用以研究炸药在复杂载荷下的起爆响应。基于爆轰加载原理，提出并设计了一种可以实现完全卸载的冲击-卸载-再冲击的爆轰加载实验装置，利用数值模拟对该装置进行了仿真设计和参数优化，并通过实验验证了数值模拟的准确性和装置设计的可行性。结果表明：利用所设计的爆轰加载装置驱动钨镁双层飞片撞击TATB基钝感炸药，通过调整装置中的间隙宽度，可以对炸药实现完全卸载的冲击-卸载-再冲击加载，为后续研究炸药在复杂载荷多次冲击下的起爆响应提供了一种新的实验技术。Abstract: In some engineering applications and accidents, the detonation performance of explosives may change if subjected to multiple shocks and releases. Therefore, an experimental loading device with multiple shocks and releases is needed in order to study the detonation response of explosives under complex loads. In this paper, an experimental detonation loading device that can achieve complete release of shock-release-reshock is proposed and designed. The device is optimized through numerical simulations, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation is validated by the corresponding experiments. The results indicate that the designed detonation loading device can achieve complete release of shock-release-reshock loading procesure of TATB-based insensitive explosives, where the detonation loading device drives tungsten magnesium double-layer flyers. The design provides a new experimental technique for further study on the detonation response of explosives under complex loads and multiple shocks.
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图 1 爆轰驱动钨飞片撞击镁飞片并发生脱离
Figure 1. Detonation drives the tungsten flyer to collide with the magnesium flyer and detach
图 2 飞片撞击炸药传入预冲击和卸载波
Figure 2. Flyer impacts explosives and transmits pre-shock and rarefaction wave
图 3 钨飞片撞击镁飞片并向炸药内部传入主冲击
Figure 3. Impact of the tungsten flyer on the magnesium flyer introduces the main shock into the explosive
图 6 不同间隙1宽度下两飞片的后自由面速度
Figure 6. Back free surface velocities of two flyers for different gaps 1
图 7 不同间隙2宽度下两飞片的后自由面速度
Figure 7. Back free surface velocities of two flyers for different gaps 2
图 8 冲击-卸载-再冲击加载下样品内部粒子速度曲线
Figure 8. Particle velocity history inside the sample under shock-release-reshock
图 9 飞片撞击炸药表面时不同时刻的冲击波压力
Figure 9. Pressure contour of shock waves generated by flyers impacting the surface of explosives at different time
图 12 TATB基炸药后表面的粒子速度
Figure 12. Particle velocity on the back surface of the TATB-based explosive samples
表 1 炸药爆轰产物的JWL状态方程参数
Table 1. JWL EOS parameters of explosive product
Material ρ0/(g·cm−3) DCJ/(km·s−1) pCJ/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω Main explosive 1.849 8.712 35.2 842.040 21.810 4.600 0 1.350 0 0.28 Sample explosive 1.895 7.640 26.9 666.486 5.339 4.548 3 0.797 6 0.35 
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表 2 样品未反应物的JWL状态方程参数
Table 2. JWL EOS parameters of unreacted sample
ρ0/(g·cm−3) A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω 1.895 77 810 −5.031 11.3 1.13 0.909 38
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表 3 材料的Grüneisen状态方程参数
Table 3. Grüneisen EOS parameters of material
Material ρ0/(g·cm−3) C/(km·s−1) S1 $\gamma_0$ cV/(J·g−1·K−1) PMMA 1.186 2.300 1.750 0.91 3.016 W 18.300 4.030 1.237 1.67 0.135 Mg 1.776 4.490 1.242 1.54 1.025 Steel 7.896 4.569 1.490 2.17 0.446
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表 4 炸药样品点火增长反应模型参数
Table 4. Ignition and growth of reaction model parameters for sample explosive
ρ0/(g·cm−3) I/ms−1 a b c d e 1.895 4×106 0.214 0.667 0.667 1.0 0.667 g x y z G1/(GPa−2·ms−1) G2/(GPa−1·ms−1) 0.667 7.0 3.0 1.0 0.461 3 0.3
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表 5 材料的Steinberg-Guinan-Lund本构模型参数
Table 5. Steinberg-Guinan-Lund constitutive model parameters of the material
Material ρ0/(g·cm−3) Y0/GPa β G0/GPa A0/Pa B0 n Mg 1.78 0.19 1 100.0 16.5 1.03×10−2 5.907 0.350 W 18.30 1.87 7.7 145.0 1.03×10−3 1.764 0.300 Steel 7.90 0.34 43.0 77.0 2.26×10−3 5.280 0.283
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表 6 验证实验装置参数
Table 6. Device parameters for the confirmation experiment
Part ρ0/(g·cm−3) Size Plane wave generator $\varnothing $100 mm, 37° HMX-based main explosive 1.849 $\varnothing $100 mm×30 mm Buffer plate 1.186 $\varnothing $100 mm×3 mm Tungsten alloy flyer 18.300 $\varnothing $100 mm×4 mm Clearance 1 1 mm Magnesium alloy flyer 1.776 $\varnothing $100 mm×1 mm Clearance 2 3 mm TATB based sample explosive 1.895 $\varnothing $20 mm×2 mm Sleeve $\varnothing $110 mm×52 mm
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