聚合物在冲击荷载下的物性及“相变”实验研究进展

叶世佳; 郝龙; 王玉锋; 李守瑞; 耿华运; 李俊

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20230787

聚合物在冲击荷载下的物性及“相变”实验研究进展

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230787

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所, 四川绵阳　621999

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12274381）；冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室基金（2022JCJQLB05705，2022JCJQLB05708）

详细信息

作者简介:
叶世佳（1995－），男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事冲击波物理研究. E-mail：sjye95@163.com

通讯作者:
李　俊（1982－），男，博士，研究员，主要从事冲击波物理研究. E-mail：lijun102@caep.cn

中图分类号: O521.2
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- 文章访问数: 137
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-08
- 修回日期: 2024-01-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-19
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-03

Experimental Research Progress on Physical Properties and “Phase Transition” of Polymers under Impact Loading

Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 聚合物被广泛应用于国防和国民经济的各个领域，在服役过程中，不可避免地暴露于高温高压等极端环境，因此，有必要研究其在冲击荷载下的物性及“相变”问题。聚合物具有独特的分子链结构，表现出异于金属等大多数材料的性能。聚合物的雨贡纽曲线低压外推的截距明显高于零压体波声速，且低压下的波剖面呈现带弧形的波系结构。在20～30 GPa压力范围，其雨贡纽曲线存在明显的转折，说明材料在冲击下发生了“相变”。首先，对该“相变”反映的化学分解和晶格结构转变进行了解释，并对其中蕴含的“相变”动力学问题进行了研究。然后，简单介绍了基于化学分解的物态方程的建模方法。最后，对聚合物在冲击荷载下的物性和“相变”研究提出了展望。
- 聚合物 /
- 雨贡纽 /
- 状态方程 /
- 化学分解 /
- 晶格结构转变
Abstract: Polymers are widely used in various fields of national defense and national economy. They are inevitably exposed to extreme conditions of high temperature and high pressure during applying. Thus, it is necessary to study their physical properties and “phase transition” under impact loading. Because of their characteristic molecular chain structure, polymers show different properties from most materials such as metals. The intercept extrapolated from Hugoniot curve at low pressure is obviously higher than their body sound velocity at atmospheric pressure. The wave profile at low pressure presents a structure with an arc shape. At 20–30 GPa, the Hugoniot line turns obviously, indicating that the material has undergone a “phase transition” under impact loading. The “phase transition” is explained as chemical decomposition or lattice structure transformation, and the kinetics of “phase transition” is studied. In addition, the modeling method of equation of state based on chemical decomposition is briefly introduced. Finally, the prospect is put forward according to the doubtful points in the study of physical properties and “phase transition” of polymers under impact loading.
- polymer /
- Hugoniot /
- equation of state /
- chemical decomposition /
- lattice structure transformation

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图 1 实验装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of experimental setup

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图 2 部分聚合物的雨贡纽数据^[4]

Figure 2. Hugoniot data of some polymers^[4]

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图 3 聚碳酸酯（polycarbonate，PC）在低压区的波剖面^[30–31]

Figure 3. Wave profiles of polycarbonate in low pressure region^[30–31]

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图 4 聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚砜的分子链结构

Figure 4. Molecular chain structures of polyethylene, polystyrene and polysulfone

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图 5 聚酰亚胺在过渡区的波剖面^[8]

Figure 5. Wave profiles of polyimide in transition region^[8]

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图 6 氰酸酯在高压区的波剖面^{[24, 32]}

Figure 6. Wave profiles of cyanate ester in high pressure region^{[24, 32]}

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图 7 聚酰亚胺内部不同位置的(a)波剖面和(b)波速实测值及其模拟结果^[8]

Figure 7. Experimental and simulated results of (a) wave profiles and (b) shock velocities at different positions in polyimide^[8]

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图 8 PMMA的雨贡纽数据和波速

Figure 8. Hugoniot data and shock velocities of PMMA

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图 9 聚苯乙烯不同位置的波剖面

Figure 9. Wave profiles of polystyrene at different positions

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图 10 不同孔隙度的聚氨酯的“相变”阈值压力^[24]

Figure 10. Threshold pressures of “phase transition” of polyurethane with different porosities^[24]

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图 11 聚酰亚胺的雨贡纽实验数据与物态方程模型^[8]

Figure 11. Hugoniot experimental data and equation of state model of polyimide^[8]

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表 1 部分聚合物的雨贡纽状态方程参数^[4]

Table 1. Parameters of Hugoniot equation of state of some polymers^[4]

Material	Before phase transition			After phase transition
Material	C_0a/(km·s⁻¹)	s_a	u_p,a/(km·s⁻¹)	C_0b/(km·s⁻¹)	s_b	u_p,b/(km·s⁻¹)
High density polyethylene	2.86	1.57	0.7−3.2	3.27	1.43	3.4−5.3
Epoxy	2.69	1.51	0.4−2.8	2.88	1.35	3.6−5.2
Polycarbonate	2.33	1.57	0.4−2.6	2.06	1.39	3.6−5.2
Polyimide	2.66	1.48	0.6−2.2	0.93	1.64	3.4−4.6
Polysulfone	2.35	1.55	0.7−2.4	1.58	1.51	3.4−5.1

Material	At zero pressure				p_t/GPa
Material	ρ₀/(g·cm⁻³)	C_l/(km·s⁻¹)	C_t/(km·s⁻¹)	C_b/(km·s⁻¹)	p_t/GPa
High density polyethylene	0.954	2.462	1.014	2.166	24.7
Epoxy	1.192	2.641	1.177	2.264	23.1
Polycarbonate	1.196	2.187	0.886	1.933	20.0
Polyimide	1.414	2.723	1.217	2.332	17.8
Polysulfone	1.235	2.249	0.930	1.976	18.5

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表 2 常见分解产物的EXP6参数^[44]

Table 2. EXP6 parameters of common decomposition products^[44]

Constituent	r_s/Å	$ \epsilon k_{\mathrm{B}}^{-1} $/K	α	Constituent	r_s/Å	$ \epsilon k_{\mathrm{B}}^{-1} $/K	α
H₂	3.67	36.9	10.6	CO	3.55	155	12
H₂O	3.22	195	13.4	HCOOH	4.096	335	13.781
H	1.55	110	10	C	3.7	71.4	13
CH₄	4.45	152.1	11.47	O	2.41	700	11
C₂H₆	4.86	246.7	13	CO₂	4.096	335	13.781
O₂	4.11	75	13.117

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