Insight into Dynamic Recrystallization of AZ31B Magnesium Alloys by Phase-Field Simulations
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摘要: 镁合金被广泛应用于材料科学、航空航天及军事装备等领域。实验发现，镁合金材料在动态加载下的力学响应与介观尺度不连续动态再结晶紧密相关。为此，构建了镁合金动态再结晶的相场模型，以AZ31B镁合金为研究对象，模拟了不同温度（250～400 ℃）、低应变率（0.01～1.00 s−1）加载下的不连续动态再结晶演化过程。再结晶相场模型耦合了塑性应变，实现了应力-应变曲线与再结晶组织演化的迭代求解。模拟发现，再结晶晶粒的体积分数和平均晶粒尺寸随温度的升高而明显增大，随应变率的增大而减小。Abstract: Magnesium is widely used for materials science, aerospace, and military equipment. It is found that the mechanical property of magnesium under deformation loading is closely related to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. In this work, we construct a dynamic recrystallization phenomenological model of magnesium alloy via phase-field methods. We choose AZ31B magnesium alloy as the research object and simulate grains and grain boundaries evolutions during dynamic recrystallization under 0.01–1.00 s−1 and 250–400 ℃. Iterative solving methods of stress-strain curves and recrystallization evolutions are improved by introducing plastic deformation energy to phase-field model. The simulation results show the volume fraction of recrystallization grains and the average grain size of samples increase with the rise of temperature and decrease of strain rates.
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图 2 动态再结晶本构模型构造示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the constitutive model of dynamic recrystallization
图 3 AZ31B镁合金多晶在300 ℃、不同应变率动态加载下的微观组织（序参量η）演化
Figure 3. Microstructure (η) evolution of AZ31B magnesium alloy polycrystal under dynamic loading at a temperature of 300 °C and different strain rates
图 4 AZ31B镁合金多晶在应变率为1.00 s−1、不同温度动态加载下的微观组织（序参量η）演化
Figure 4. Microstructure (η) evolution of AZ31B magnesium alloy polycrystal under dynamic loading at a strain rate of 1.00 s−1 and different temperatures
图 5 动态再结晶体积分数与(a)温度和(b)应变率的关系以及再结晶平均晶粒尺寸随应变的演化与(c)温度和(d)应变率的关系
Figure 5. Recrystallization volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization versus (a) temperature and (b) strain rate, and the evolution of average grain size with strain versus (c) temperature and (d) strain rate
图 6 动态再结晶关于形核率
$ \dot{n} $ 与晶界迁移速率Mgb的平均晶粒尺寸相图（形核速率和晶界迁移速率均采用真实数值）Figure 6. Phase diagram of the average grain size of dynamic recrystallization with respect to the nucleation rate (
$ \dot{n} $ ) versus the grain boundary migration rate Mgb, where real values are used for both the nucleation rate and the grain boundary migration rate
α μ/GPa b/m Qdrx/(kJ·mol−1) Qself/(kJ·mol−1) 0.5 17.0 3.2×10−10 158.7 156.2 γgb/(J·m−2) Dgb/(m2·s−1) q kB/(J·K−1) R/(J·mol−1·K−1) 0.55 3.2×10−8 0.634 1.38×10−12 8.314 
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表 2 AZ31B镁合金的相场模拟初始化参数[23]
Table 2. Initialization parameters for phase-field simulation of AZ31B magnesium alloy[23]
Wgb/μm Δε εend Ng T/℃ $ \dot{\varepsilon }/{\mathrm{s}} $−1 1.0 0.001 1.0 9 250−400 0.01−1.00
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T/℃ $ \dot{\varepsilon }/{\mathrm{s}} $−1 σsat/MPa σss/MPa Ω εcrit 250 1.00 187 130 26.35 0.320 300 0.01 87 59 42.31 0.093 300 0.10 117 75 31.97 0.112 300 1.00 155 77 28.07 0.180 350 1.00 116 65 30.44 0.110 400 1.00 86 61 39.65 0.200
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