不同底质条件下近海底爆炸冲击波载荷特性研究

吴易烜; 邵岩; 谢宇杰; 高宏林; 张之凡

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20230744

不同底质条件下近海底爆炸冲击波载荷特性研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230744

吴易烜^1,,
邵岩²,
谢宇杰²,
高宏林³,
张之凡^2,*, ,

1.
西北核技术研究所强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室, 陕西西安　710024
2.
大连理工大学船舶工程学院, 辽宁大连　116024
3.
大连海事大学轮机学院, 辽宁大连　116026

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52271307，52192692，52061135107）；辽宁省自然科学基金优秀青年基金（2023JH3/10200012）；辽宁省兴辽英才计划高水平创新创业团队项目（XLYC1908027）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（DUT20TD108）；大连市重点领域创新团队支持计划项目（2020RT03）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴易烜（1995－），女，硕士研究生，主要从事爆炸力学与毁伤评估研究. E-mail：wuyixuan@nint.ac.cn

通讯作者:
张之凡（1990－），女，博士，副教授，主要从事舰船水下爆炸毁伤与防护研究. E-mail：zhifanzhang@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-07
- 修回日期: 2023-11-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-05

Load Characteristics of Underwater Explosion Shock Wave near Seabed Charge Projectile

1.
National Key Laboratory of Strong Pulse Radiation Environment Simulation and Effects, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, Shaanxi, China
2.
School of Ship Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
3.
College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China

摘要

摘要: 近海底爆炸冲击波会对海底光缆、海底管道等设施造成严重的破坏，不同底质条件的冲击阻抗会影响冲击波的时空演化规律，因此，研究不同底质条件下近海底爆炸冲击波载荷具有重要的意义。基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法建立近海底爆炸模型，探究海底底质对近海底爆炸冲击波载荷的影响，结果显示：测点角度在20°～50°范围内时，海底底质材料会显著影响冲击波峰值压力，近海底反射的影响随爆距比的增加而增强，当测点角度超出该范围时，该现象逐渐消失；海底底质影响范围不随底质的变化而变化，但是在不同底质条件下，受影响区域的反射系数截然不同，当海底底质较软时，海底底质影响区域内的冲击波反射系数在0.81～1.05之间，当海底底质为刚壁时，海底底质影响区域内的冲击波反射系数在0.98～1.33之间；水深不会导致冲击波峰值压力发生显著变化。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 近海底 /
- 冲击波 /
- 耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法 /
- 底质条件 /
- 水深
Abstract: The near-seabed explosion shock wave can cause serious damage to such facilities as submarine optical cables and pipelines. The spatiotemporal evolution of the underwater explosion shock wave can be affected by the impedance of different types of substrate. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the near-seabed explosion shock wave load under different substrate conditions. Based on the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method, a numerical model of near seabed explosion is established to investigate the effect of seabed material on the shock wave load of near seabed explosions. The results show that the seabed material significantly affects the peak pressure of the shock wave within a certain range of measuring point angles of 20°–50°. The reflection effect of the near seabed increases with the increase of the explosion distance ratio within a certain range of measurement point angles of 20°–50°. When the measurement point angle exceeds this range, this phenomenon gradually disappears. The effect regions of these two types of seabed sediment are similar while their reflection coefficients are significantly different. When the seafloor sediment is soft, the reflection coefficient near seafloor ranges from 0.81 to 1.05. However, when the seafloor sediment is hard, the reflection coefficient near seafloor ranges from 0.98 to 1.33. The water depth has little effect on the peak pressure of the shock wave.
- underwater explosion /
- near seabed /
- shock wave /
- coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method /
- substrate conditions /
- water depth

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图 1 测点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of measurement points

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图 2 不同网格数量下不同测点测得的压力峰值

Figure 2. Peak pressures measured at different points and grid numbers

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图 3 不同距离处冲击波峰值压力对比

Figure 3. Comparison of peak pressure of shock waves at different distances

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图 4 自由场及近海底水下爆炸冲击波压力云图

Figure 4. Pressure distribution of free-field and near-seabed underwater explosion shock wave

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图 5 自由场及近海底工况下测点5-3的水下爆炸冲击波压力时程曲线

Figure 5. Time history curves of shock wave pressure at measuring point 5-3 in free field and near seabed underwater explosion

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图 6 不同测点处的反射系数

Figure 6. Reflection coefficient at different measurement points

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图 7 不同底质条件下测点反射系数的对比

Figure 7. Comparison of reflection coefficient of test points under different substrate conditions

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图 8 不同底质条件下反射系数分布对比

Figure 8. Comparison of reflection coefficient distribution under different substrate conditions

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图 9 不同水深反射系数随测点角度及爆距比的变化关系

Figure 9. Relationship between reflection coefficient and explosion distance ratio in different water depths

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表 1 TNT的JWL状态方程参数^[12]

Table 1. Parameters of JWL equation of state of TNT^[12]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	D/(km·s⁻¹)	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	e/(kJ·g⁻¹)
1.630	6.93	371.2	3.21	4.15	0.95	0.3	4.29

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表 2 水的状态方程参数^[12]

Table 2. Parameters of equation of state of water^[12]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	C₀/(km·s⁻¹)	S	Γ₀
1.024	1.483	1.75	0.28

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表 3 空气的状态方程参数^[12]

Table 3. Parameters of equation of state of air^[12]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	γ	p_a/MPa	c_V/(J·g⁻¹·K⁻¹)
1.17	1.4	0.10	1.012

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表 4 不同海底底质参数^[13–14]

Table 4. Parameters of different seafloor substrates^[13–14]

Seafloor sediment	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E/MPa	ν	φ/(°)	c/MPa
Model 1	1.4	50	0.3	24	0.1

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表 5 数值模拟与经验公式结果对比

Table 5. Comparison of numerical simulation and empirical formula results

R/r	Peak pressure/MPa		Error/%
R/r	Simulation	Empirical formula	Error/%
7	205.03	193.72	5.84
12	96.32	86.90	10.84
17	60.65	58.62	3.45
22	43.04	43.81	1.75
27	32.58	37.91	14.07

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表 6 数值模拟工况设置

Table 6. Settings of simulation cases

Case	H/m	Seafloor sediment	Explosive environment
1	50	Nothing	Free field
2	50	Model 1	Near the seabed
3	50	Model 2	Near the seabed
4	100	Model 1	Near the seabed
5	150	Model 1	Near the seabed

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表 7 自由场与近海底测得的冲击波峰值压力对比

Table 7. Comparison of peak pressures of free-field and near-seabed underwater explosion shock wave

R/r	α/(°)	p_max/MPa		Reflection coefficient	R/r	α/(°)	p_max/MPa		Reflection coefficient
R/r	α/(°)	Near seabed	Free field	Reflection coefficient	R/r	α/(°)	Near seabed	Free field	Reflection coefficient
7	20	179.29	201.44	0.89	12	60	92.73	95.67	0.97
7	30	186.21	203.80	0.91	12	70	95.00	97.86	0.97
7	40	193.43	204.80	0.94	12	80	98.33	93.98	1.05
7	50	194.98	204.80	0.95	12	90	92.42	96.30	0.96
7	60	192.78	203.80	0.95	17	20	47.78	58.76	0.81
7	70	195.10	201.43	0.97	17	30	53.24	59.25	0.90
7	80	202.46	201.74	1.00	17	40	56.52	58.58	0.96
7	90	196.41	195.79	1.00	17	50	58.40	58.58	1.00
12	20	82.82	97.87	0.85	17	60	59.44	59.27	1.00
12	30	86.62	95.67	0.91	17	70	61.07	60.10	1.02
12	40	93.96	94.66	0.99	17	80	60.00	61.17	0.98
12	50	96.23	94.65	1.02	17	90	57.77	59.91	0.96

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