冰巨行星内部深处物理与化学过程研究进展

贺芝宇; 黄秀光; 舒桦; 贾果; 张帆; 方智恒; 傅思祖

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20230721

冰巨行星内部深处物理与化学过程研究进展

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230721

中国工程物理研究院上海激光等离子体研究所, 上海　201800

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12304033）；国家重点实验室开放基础研究课题（SKLLIM2006）

详细信息

作者简介:
贺芝宇（1988－），女，博士，副研究员，主要从事动高压实验研究. E-mail：hezy1213@foxmail.com

中图分类号: O521.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 152
- HTML全文浏览量: 52
- PDF下载量: 116
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-18
- 修回日期: 2023-09-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-07

Progress on Physical and Chemical Processes Deep Inside Ice Giants

Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, CAEP, Shanghai 201800, China

摘要

摘要: 宇宙中诸如天王星、海王星等冰巨行星的数量繁多，理解冰巨行星的内部结构与局部反应过程对于建立统一的行星演化体系具有重要意义。近几十年来，随着模拟计算方法、实验加载与诊断技术的不断发展，与冰巨行星内部相关的多个物理问题研究取得了突破性进展，如“超离子态水”、“钻石雨”等现象不再不可捉摸。聚焦冰巨行星相关物理问题，简要介绍并讨论了极端状态下的高压状态方程和微观物理过程的理论及实验研究进展，包括相关实验平台与配套技术的发展情况，并对该领域的未来发展方向提出了展望。
- 冰巨行星 /
- 超离子态水 /
- 钻石雨 /
- 动态原位X射线诊断
Abstract: Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are numerous in the universe. Understanding the internal structure and local reaction processes of ice giants is of great significance for establishing a unified planetary evolution system. In recent decades, with the continuous development of simulation methods and experimental driving as well as diagnostic techniques, breakthroughs have been made in multiple physical problems related to the interior of ice giants, such as “superionic water” and “diamond rain”, which are no longer unpredictable. Starting from the physical issues related to ice giants, this article briefly introduces and discusses the theoretical and experimental research progress in high-pressure equations of state and microscopic physical processes under extreme conditions, as well as the development of related experimental platforms and supporting technologies. It also proposes prospects for the future direction of this field.
- ice giants /
- superionic water /
- diamond rain /
- dynamic in situ X-ray diagnosis

HTML全文

图 1 天王星内部模型：(a) Nettelmann模型^[6]，(b) Bethkenhagen模型^[7]

Figure 1. Uranus internal model: (a) Nettelmann’s model^[6]; (b) Bethkenhagen’s model^[7]

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图 2 不同混合物的BACF：(a) 不同温度下4种键的BACF，(b) 4000 K下的分子动力学模拟快照，(c) 不同混合物在4000 K、176 GPa下的BACF^[13]

Figure 2. BACF of different mixtures: (a) BACF of four types of bond at different temperatures; (b) a snapshot of the molecular dynamics simulation at 4000 K; (c) BACF of different mixtures at 4000 K and 176 GPa^[13]

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图 3 氧化镁水合物的动力学行为(a)以及理论预言的天王星和海王星的内部结构(b)^[21]

Figure 3. Kinetic behavior of magnesium oxide hydrate (a) and the theoretical prediction of the internal structure of Uranus and Neptune (b)^[21]

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图 4 行星内部碳氢离解演化模型：(a) p-T相图空间^[26]，(b) 行星深度模型^[30]

Figure 4. Evolution model of hydrocarbon dissociation within planets: (a) p-T phase diagram^[26]; (b) planetary depth model^[30]

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图 5 金刚石形成的p-T条件^[33]

Figure 5. p-T condition for diamond formation^[33]

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图 6 (a)激光脉冲诱导液氨样品激波压缩实验装置示意图，(b) VISAR信号和 (c) SOP数据以及提取的速度和温度测量值，(d) 纯液态NH₃样品的拉曼光谱，(e) NH₃沿Hugoniot（黑色方块）的直流电导率^[35]

Figure 6. (a) Schematic experimental setup of the laser pulse inducing shock compression in the liquid ammonia sample; (b) VISAR signal and (c) SOP data together with the extracted velocity and temperature measurements; (d) Raman spectrum of the sample indicative of pure liquid NH₃; (e) calculated DC electrical conductivity of NH₃ along the Hugoniot (black square)^[35]

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图 7 (a) 用于Hugoniot测量的实验装置，(b) PET材料的压力-密度和压力-温度实验数据，(c) 不同EOS的理论模型^[40]

Figure 7. (a) Experimental setup for Hugoniot measurement; (b) pressure-density and pressure-temperature data for PET; (c) different EOS models^[40]

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图 8 超离子态水的实验研究^[8]

Figure 8. Experimental study on superionic water^[8]

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图 9 (a) 金刚石离解相变的XRD数据^[11]，(b) 金刚石离解反应的高时间分辨过程^[10]

Figure 9. (a) XRD data of diamond dissociation phase transition^[11]; (b) high time resolution process of diamond dissociation reaction^[10]

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图 10 C-H-O混合物在行星内部状态下的金刚石离解相变实验研究^[42]

Figure 10. Experimental study on diamond dissociation phase transition of C-H-O mixture at planetary internal state^[42]

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图 11 环氧树脂的金刚石离解反应实验研究^[65]

Figure 11. Experimental study on diamond dissociation reaction of epoxy^[65]

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