Synergistic Effect of Air Supply Volume and Bubble Curtain Layer on the Shock Wave Attenuation of Underwater Explosion
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摘要: 气泡帷幕能有效地削弱水中冲击波对周围环境的影响。为了研究气泡帷幕供风量和层数对水中冲击波的协同作用，在供风量为30、60、90 L/min的条件下分别设计了含1、2、3层气泡帷幕的水下爆炸试验。结果表明，气泡帷幕的衰减率随供风量和层数增加而增大。当供风量较小（如30、60 L/min）时，随着气泡帷幕层数的增加，相邻层数之间峰值压力的衰减效率越来越低；当供风量较大（如90 L/min）时，随着气泡帷幕层数的增加，相邻层数之间峰值压力的衰减效率越来越高。结合实际工程的经济效益和水下复杂环境问题对削波效果进行分析，确定在供风量为30 L/min时开启2层气泡帷幕是最优的削波方案，为相关的实际工程问题提供参考和新思路。Abstract: The bubble curtain can effectively weaken the influence of underwater shock wave on the surrounding environment. In order to investigate the synergistic effect of air supply volume and bubble curtain layer on the shock wave attenuation of underwater explosion, underwater explosion tests with one layer, two layers and three layers were designed under the air supply volume of 30, 60, and 90 L/min, respectively. The results show that the attenuance of bubble curtain increases with the increase of air supply volume and layer number. When the air supply is small (such as 30, 60 L/min), with the increase of the number of bubble curtain layers, the attenuation efficiency of the peak pressure between adjacent layers becomes worse; when the air supply is large (such as 90 L/min), with the increase of the number of bubble curtain layers, the attenuation efficiency of the peak pressure between adjacent layers becomes better. Combined with the economic benefits of the actual project and the complex underwater environment problems to analyze the attenuation effect of the bubble curtain, it was determined that the two-layer bubble curtain with the air supply rate of 30 L/min was the optimal attenuation scheme, which provides reference and new ideas for related practical engineering problems.
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图 4 空白对照组的冲击波压力时程曲线
Figure 4. Time histories of shock wave pressure in blank control group
图 5 供风量为30、60、90 L/min时的冲击波压力时程曲线
Figure 5. Time histories of shock wave pressure with air supply volume of 30，60 and 90 L/min
图 6 供风量为30 L/min、不同气泡帷幕层数时的冲击波压力时程曲线
Figure 6. Time histories of shock wave pressure under different layers of bubble curtains with the air supply volume of 30 L/min
图 8 相邻梯度供风量之间的衰减效率Cj
Figure 8. Attenuation efficiency Cj between adjacent air supply volumes
表 1 试验设计方案
Table 1. Design scheme of field test
Test No. v/(L·min−1) n Test No. v/(L·min−1) n Test No. v/(L·min−1) n 1 0 0 8 90 1 15 30 3 2 0 0 9 30 2 16 30 3 3 30 1 10 30 2 17 60 3 4 30 1 11 60 2 18 60 3 5 60 1 12 60 2 19 90 3 6 60 1 13 90 2 20 90 3 7 90 1 14 90 2 
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表 2 不同层数气泡帷幕条件下水下冲击波峰值压力
Table 2. Peak pressure of underwater explosion shock wave under different layers of bubble curtains
v/(L·min−1) n=1 n=2 n=3 pm/MPa $ {\overline{p}}_{\mathrm{m}}/{\mathrm{MPa}} $ A/% pm/MPa $ {\overline{p}}_{\mathrm{m}}/{\mathrm{MPa}} $ A/% pm/MPa $ {\overline{p}}_{\mathrm{m}} /{\mathrm{MPa}}$ A/% 30 2.069
1.9912.030 49.67 0.931
0.9440.938 76.74 0.831
0.8700.851 78.90 60 1.547
1.5011.524 62.21 0.842
0.8010.822 79.62 0.633
0.6810.657 83.71 90 0.760
0.7960.778 80.71 0.655
0.6840.670 83.39 0.390
0.3920.391 90.30
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