六亚甲基四胺含量对铵胺炸药性能的影响

胡洁; 黄文尧; 孙彦臣; 牛草原; 梁昊; 史然

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20230691

六亚甲基四胺含量对铵胺炸药性能的影响

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230691

安徽理工大学化学工程学院, 安徽淮南　232001

详细信息

作者简介:
胡　洁（1999－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事工业炸药的热安全性研究. E-mail：319966704@qq.com

通讯作者:
黄文尧（1964－），男，教授，主要从事工业炸药研发与井下爆破技术研究.E-mail：2426712933@qq.com

中图分类号: O389; TJ55
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-03
- 修回日期: 2023-07-17
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-07

Effect of Hexamethylenetetramine Content on the Performance of Ammonium-Amine Explosives

School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究六亚甲基四胺含量对铵胺炸药性能的影响，采用质量分数为5.5%、6.5%、7.5%、8.5%、9.5%的六亚甲基四胺制备5组铵胺炸药。通过黏度分析仪、计时仪、爆速测试仪和热分析技术，对铵胺炸药的交联时间、爆速以及热分解过程进行研究。实验结果表明，当六亚甲基四胺的质量分数从5.5%增加至9.5%时：铵胺炸药的交联速度逐渐放缓，交联时间由7 h延长至13 h；爆速由3552 m/s上升至4070 m/s，而后下降至3663 m/s；六亚甲基四胺含量对铵胺炸药的热分解过程没有明显影响，铵胺炸药的表观活化能由93.71 kJ/mol上升至124.71 kJ/mol，热安定性得到提升。
- 铵胺炸药 /
- 六亚甲基四胺 /
- 爆速 /
- 热安定性
Abstract: To investigate the effect of hexamethylenetetramine content on the performance of ammonium-amine explosives, five groups of ammonium-amine explosives were prepared using hexamethylenetetramine with mass fractions of 5.5%, 6.5%, 7.5%, 8.5% and 9.5%. The cross-linking time, detonation velocity and thermal decomposition process of ammonium-amine explosives were studied by means of viscosity analyzer, chronograph, detonation velocity tester and thermal analysis techniques. The results show that when the mass fraction of hexamethylenetetramine increases from 5.5% to 9.5%, the cross-linking speed of ammonium-amine explosive gradually slows down and the cross-linking time gradually increases from 7 h to 13 h, and the detonation velocity of explosive increases firstly from 3552 m/s to 4070 m/s and then decreases to 3663 m/s. The content of hexamethylenetetramine has insignificant effect on the thermal decomposition process of ammonium-amine explosives. With increasing content of hexamethylenetetramine, the apparent activation energy of ammonium-amine explosive increases from 93.71 kJ/mol to 124.71 kJ/mol, and the thermal stability is improved.
- ammonium-amine explosive /
- hexamethylenetetramine /
- detonation velocity /
- thermal stability

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图 1 铵胺炸药的设计原理

Figure 1. Design principle of ammonium-amine explosives

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图 2 铵胺炸药的制备流程

Figure 2. Preparation flow chart of ammonium-amine explosives

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图 3 铵胺炸药的黏度随交联时间的变化

Figure 3. Variation of viscosity with cross-linking time for ammonium-amine explosives

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图 4 5组铵胺炸药的实际爆速

Figure 4. Actual detonation velocities for 5 groups of ammonium-amine explosives

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图 5 5组炸药的TG曲线

Figure 5. TG curves for 5 groups of explosives

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图 6 5组炸药的DTG曲线

Figure 6. DTG curves for 5 groups of explosives

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图 7 Kissinger法得到的ln(β/T²)-(10³/T)拟合曲线

Figure 7. Fitting curves of ln(β/T²)-(10³/T) obtained by Kissinger method

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表 1 铵胺炸药基质配方

Table 1. Matrix formulations of ammonium-amine explosives

Sample No.	Mass fraction/%
Sample No.	Ammonium nitrate	Sodium nitrate	Acetic acid	Water	Hexamethylenetetramine	Guar gum
1	77.0	3.0	3.0	10.5	5.5	1.0
2	76.0	3.0	3.0	10.5	6.5	1.0
3	75.0	3.0	3.0	10.5	7.5	1.0
4	74.0	3.0	3.0	10.5	8.5	1.0
5	73.0	3.0	3.0	10.5	9.5	1.0

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表 2 5组炸药的理论爆轰参数

Table 2. Theoretical detonation parameters for 5 groups of explosives

Sample No.	w/%	Oxygen balance/(g·g⁻¹)	D₀/(m·s⁻¹)
1	5.5	0.04493	4572
2	6.5	0.02243	4564
3	7.5	−0.00012	4559
4	8.5	−0.02267	4419
5	9.5	−0.04521	4264

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表 3 15 ℃/min升温速率下5组样品的 $T_{\rm{onset}}$ 、 $T_{\rm{p}}$ 和质量损失率

Table 3. $T_{\rm{onset}}$ , $T_{\rm{p}}$ and the mass loss rate at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min for 5 groups of samples

Sample No.	T_onset/℃	T_p/℃	α₁/%	α₂/%
1	230.61	269.45	13.43	81.02
2	231.77	270.04	13.58	81.27
3	232.59	271.99	13.71	80.32
4	232.48	272.42	13.62	80.72
5	236.08	274.96	13.54	80.51

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表 4 Kissinger方法所得的表观活化能

Table 4. Apparent activation energy obtained by Kissinger method

α/%	Apparent activation energy/(kJ·mol⁻¹)					R²
α/%	No.1	No.2	No.3	No.4	No.5	No.1	No.2	No.3	No.4	No.5
20	78.15	81.48	104.76	98.94	126.37	0.9922	0.9973	0.9836	0.9985	0.9922
30	81.48	93.70	108.91	105.59	115.56	0.9896	0.9979	0.9847	0.9871	0.9913
40	97.27	105.26	114.73	122.22	132.19	0.9944	0.9854	0.9927	0.9861	0.9985
50	108.08	112.41	117.23	125.54	128.87	0.9996	0.9942	0.9963	0.9919	0.9956
60	98.11	112.41	120.55	126.37	124.71	0.9917	0.9936	0.9945	0.9946	0.9975
70	96.44	114.57	119.72	123.05	122.22	0.9894	0.9918	0.9910	0.9904	0.9972
80	96.44	115.15	114.73	122.22	123.04	0.9881	0.9893	0.9881	0.9914	0.9974
Mean	93.71	104.99	114.37	117.70	124.71

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