Dynamic Tensile Properties and Failure Mechanism of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Composite
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摘要: 为了探明由不同方向玻璃纤维增强的聚碳酸酯（polycarbonate，PC）复合材料在宽应变率范围内的拉伸力学行为特征及其失效机理，使用材料实验机、中应变率实验机和分离式Hopkinson杆实验装置，对玻璃纤维质量分数为20%、纤维方向不同（0°、45°及90°）的PC复合材料开展了0.001～1000 s−1应变率范围内的拉伸实验研究，并通过扫描电镜对加载后的3种试件断口进行了微观分析。实验结果显示，当加载应变率由0.001 s−1增加至1000 s−1时，玻璃纤维方向为0°、45°和90°的3种试件的拉伸强度分别增加57.5%、58.2%和49.4%，破坏应变分别增加74.1%、125.1%和129.1%，说明玻璃纤维增强PC复合材料具有显著的应变率效应。玻璃纤维方向为0°的试件的拉伸强度高于其他两种试件，而其破坏应变低于其他两种试件。在应变率为0.001 s−1的准静态加载下，玻璃纤维增强PC复合材料呈现出纤维拔出、纤维断裂、基体脆性断裂以及纤维与基体脱粘4种失效模式；在1000 s−1的高应变率加载下，玻璃纤维增强PC复合材料呈现出纤维拔出、纤维断裂、基体塑性变形、基体塑性断裂以及纤维与基体脱粘5种失效模式。高应变率加载下，玻璃纤维增强PC复合材料的破坏强度和破坏应变相较于准静态加载下大幅增加的主要原因是：绝热温升效应导致玻璃纤维增强PC复合材料内的PC基体软化，PC复合材料产生塑性变形，基体/纤维界面黏附力增强。Abstract: In order to investigate the tensile mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of polycarbonate (PC) composite reinforced by short glass fibers in different orientations at a wide range of strain rates, the tensile experiments of PC composites with 20% glass fiber content and fiber orientations of 0°, 45° and 90° were carried out at a strain rate range of 0.001－1000 s−1 by using a material test machine, a medium strain rate test machine, and a split Hopkinson tensile bar device. The fractured surface morphologies of the three types of specimens under the stain rate range of 0.001－1000 s−1 were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results showed that PC composites have significant strain rate effects on tensile propertie and failure mechanism. When the loading strain rate increases from 0.001 s−1 to 1000 s−1, the tensile strengths of the specimens contained 0°, 45° and 90° glass fibers are increased by 57.5%, 58.2% and 49.4%, respectively, while the failure strains are increased by 74.1%, 125.1% and 129.1%, respectively. The tensile strength of specimen with glass fiber orientation of 0° is higher than that of the other two types of specimen, while the failure strain is lower than that of the other two types of specimen. Under the strain rate of 0.001 s−1 in quasi-static loading, there are four failure modes of the glass fiber reinforced PC composites: fiber pull-out, fiber fracture, matrix brittle fracture and fiber/matrix debonding. At the high strain rate of 1000 s−1, there are five failure modes: fiber pull-out, fiber fracture, matrix plastic deformation, matrix plastic fracture, and fiber/matrix debonding. The adiabatic temperature rise effect under high strain rate loading leads to a softening of the PC matrix in the glass fiber reinforced PC composite, resulting in a plastic deformation and an increase of matrix/fiber interface adhesion force, which is the main mechanism of the significant increase of the failure strength and failure strain compared with that under quasi-static loading.
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Key words:
- polycarbonate /
- glass fiber /
- fiber orientation /
- tensile mechanical behavior /
- strain rate /
- failure mechanism
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图 1 拉伸试件的加工及试件尺寸（单位：mm）
Figure 1. Specimen machining and dimension of specimen (Unit: mm)
图 2 准静态拉伸实验设备和中应变率拉伸实验设备
Figure 2. Quasi-static tensile test machine and medium strain rate tensile test equipment
图 4 玻璃纤维增强PC复合材料动态拉伸应力波形
Figure 4. Dynamic tension wave of glass fiber reinforced PC composite
图 5 玻璃纤维方向不同的玻璃纤维增强PC复合材料在不同应变率下的工程应力-工程应变曲线
Figure 5. Engineering stress-engineering strain curves of glass fiber reinforced PC composites with different glass fiber orientations at different strain rates
图 6 玻璃纤维增强PC复合材料在不同应变率下拉伸强度与破坏应变
Figure 6. Tensile strength and failure strain of glass fiber reinforced PC composites at different strain rates
图 7 应变率分别为0.001、1和1000 s−1时玻璃纤维增强PC复合材料拉伸断口的微观形貌
Figure 7. Tensile fracture microstructure of glass fiber reinforced PC composites at strain rates of 0.001, 1 and 1000 s−1, respectively
表 1 材料性能参数
Table 1. Property parameters of materials
Materials Young’s modulus/GPa Poisson’s ratio Fiber diameter/μm Density/(g∙cm−3) Glass fiber 70 0.25 15－20 2.45 Pure PC 2.02 0.38 1.21 20% glass fiber reinforced PC composite 4.0－6.2 0.33 1.30 
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