Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Hard Phase Shape on the Fracture Behavior of Ti-Al3Ti Bionic Composites
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摘要: Al3Ti具有低密度、高硬度等特点，然而，由于其具有较高的脆性，导致较小的变形下便会发生破碎。为了提高Al3Ti的应用范围，受生物结构的启发，根据贝壳珍珠层、海螺壳和鱼鳞的几何结构，建立了Ti-Al3Ti仿生有限元计算模型，研究了硬质相形状和加载速度对材料断裂的影响，从断裂行为、裂纹扩展过程和吸能效果等角度分析仿生复合材料的抗断裂机理。定义了形状系数，并对结构进行优化设计。结果表明，在准静态条件下，硬质相形状对仿珍珠层试样的断裂行为有显著影响。长方形硬质相能更好地抑制裂纹向载荷端扩展，从而提高试样的承载能力。形状系数在5.0左右的试样表现出最优的抗断裂能力和吸能效果。在动态冲击条件下，软质相抑制裂纹扩展的能力增强，使长方形试样的抗断裂能力和吸能效果得到进一步提高。
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关键词:
- 珍珠层 /
- Ti-Al3Ti复合材料 /
- 断裂 /
- 有限元分析
Abstract: Al3Ti is characterized by low density and high hardness, however, due to its brittleness, it is prone to fracture under smaller deformation. To improve the application range of Al3Ti, inspired by biological structures, a biomimetic finite element model was established based on the geometry of shell pearl layer, conch shell and fish scale, and the influences of hard phase shape, as well as impact velocity, were investigated to analyze the fracture resistance mechanism of bionic composites in terms of fracture behavior, crack propagation process and energy absorption effect. A shape coefficient was defined to optimize the structure design. The results show that the shape of the hard phase has a significant effect on the fracture behavior of the bioinspired pearl-like layer specimens under quasi-static condition. The rectangular hard phase can better hinder the crack growth toward the load end, thus improving the load-bearing capacity of the specimen. The specimen with shape factor around 5.0 shows the optimal fracture resistance and energy absorption. Under dynamic impact conditions, the soft phase has increased ability to hinder crack growth, which further improves the fracture resistance and energy absorption effect of the rectangular specimen.-
Key words:
- pearl layer /
- Ti-Al3Ti composite /
- fracture /
- finite element analysis
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图 5 具有不同硬质相形状的试样的载荷-位移曲线
Figure 5. Load-displacement curves for specimens with different shapes of hard phase
图 6 准静态条件下不同硬质相形状试样的等效应力云图
Figure 6. Equivalent stress contours for specimens with different shapes of hard phase under quasi-static loading
图 7 准静态条件下无量纲形状系数与比吸能的关系
Figure 7. Relation between dimensionless shape factor and specific energy absorption under quasi-static conditions
图 8 冲击速度为5 m/s时不同硬质相形状试样的载荷-位移曲线和比吸能
Figure 8. Load-displacement curves and specific energy absorptions of specimens with different shapes of hard phase under the impact velocity of 5 m/s
图 9 冲击速度为5 m/s时不同硬质相形状试样的等效应力云图
Figure 9. Equivalent stress contours for specimens with different shapes of hard phase under the impact velocity of 5 m/s
图 10 冲击速度为50 m/s时不同硬质相形状试样的载荷-位移曲线和比吸能
Figure 10. Load-displacement curves and specific energy absorptions of specimens with different shapes of hard phase under the impact velocity of 50 m/s
图 11 冲击速度为50 m/s时不同硬质相形状试样的等效应力云图
Figure 11. Equivalent stress contours for specimens with different shapes of hard phase under the impact velocity of 50 m/s
ρ/(g·cm−3) G/GPa a/GPa b/GPa c m n 4.428 113.8 1.098 1.092 0.014 1.1 0.93 
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