含棉冰材料在低应变率下的抗压性能

聂飞晴; 马瑞强; 李志强

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20230608

含棉冰材料在低应变率下的抗压性能

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20230608

聂飞晴^1,,
马瑞强^{1, 2},
李志强^{2, 3, 4,*, ,}

1.
太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院，山西太原 030024
2.
力学国家级实验教学示范中心（太原理工大学），山西太原 030024
3.
太原理工大学航空航天学院，山西太原 030024
4.
太原理工大学材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室，山西太原 030024

基金项目: 山西省关键核心技术和共性技术研发攻关专项（2020XXX017）

详细信息

作者简介:
聂飞晴（1997-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事冲击力学研究. E-mail：niefeiqing@163.com

通讯作者:
李志强（1973-），男，博士，教授，主要从事爆炸冲击与计算力学研究. E-mail：lizhiqiang@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O346.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-01
- 修回日期: 2023-02-28
- 录用日期: 2023-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-21
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-05

Compressive Properties of Ice Containing Cotton at Low Strain Rates

NIE Feiqing^1
,,
MA Ruiqiang^{1, 2},
LI Zhiqiang^{2, 3, 4,*
, ,}

1.
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
2.
National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Mechanics (Taiyuan University of Technology) , Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
3.
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
4.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 航空飞行器在飞行过程中不可避免地受到冰雹冲击的威胁，严重危害航空器的飞行安全。目前，天然冰材料的冲击特性尚不明确，为此，依据ASTM F320-21标准《航空与航天透明外壳冰撞测试》，研究了不同应变率下天然冰材料的力学性能。天然冰相对于人工冰雹具有密度低、强度高的特点，结合冰雹制备标准，制备了含棉纤维质量分数为0、3%、6%、12%的冰柱试样。利用万能试验机对冰试样进行应变率分别为10⁻⁴、10⁻³、10⁻² s⁻¹的压缩实验，分析了棉纤维质量分数与应变率对冰试样压缩力学性能的影响，以及破坏形式与临界应变能密度的关系。结果表明：透明冰在应变率约为10⁻³ s⁻¹时由韧性向脆性转化，且添加棉纤维有助于提高冰的压缩屈服强度，在压缩过程中表现出“裂而不碎”的现象；在准静态压缩下，两种冰模型破坏时转化为裂纹表面能所需的能量均比转化为塑性能所需的能量更少。
- 含棉冰材料 /
- 应变率效应 /
- 屈服强度 /
- 失效模式
Abstract: Aviation aircraft inevitably encounter threat of hail impact during flight, which seriously endangers flight safety of aircraft. At present, impact characteristics of natural ice materials are still unclear, this paper studies mechanical properties of natural ice materials under different strain rates. However, natural ice has the characteristics of low density and high strength compared with artificial hail. According to the hail preparation standard ASTM F320-21 “Ice Impact Testing of Transparent Shells for Aviation and Aerospace”, icicle specimens containing cotton fiber with mass fractions of 0, 3%, 6% and 12% were prepared. The icicle specimens were subjected to compression experiments with strain rates of 10⁻⁴, 10⁻³, and 10⁻² s⁻¹ using a universal testing machine, and effects of cotton fiber mass fraction and strain rate on their compressive mechanical properties, as well as a relation between damage form and critical strain energy density change, were analyzed. The results show that the transparent icicles without cotton fiber transforms from ductility to brittleness at a strain rate of about 10⁻³ s⁻¹, and that the addition of cotton fiber increases the compressive yield strength of ice, resulting a phenomenon of “cracking but not breaking” during the compression process. Under quasi-static compression, less energy is required to convert to crack surface energy than to plastic energy.
- cotton contained ice materials /
- strain rate effect /
- compressive strength /
- failure mode

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图 1 冰柱制备模具

Figure 1. Preparation of icicle moulds

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图 2 医用脱脂棉纤维

Figure 2. Medical skimmed cotton fiber

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图 3 不同棉纤维质量分数的含棉冰试件

Figure 3. Ice specimens with different mass fractions of cotton

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图 4 万能试验机

Figure 4. Universal testing machine

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图 5 棉纤维质量分数不同的冰柱在不同应变率下的应力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Stress-strain curves of ice columns with different cotton fiber mass fractions at different strain rates

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图 6 屈服强度随棉纤维质量分数的变化曲线

Figure 6. Variation curve of compression strength with cotton content

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图 7 应变率为10⁻⁴ s⁻¹时透明冰的应力-应变曲线

Figure 7. Stress-strain curve of transparent ice at a strain rate of 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹

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图 8 应变率为10⁻⁴ s⁻¹时透明冰压缩过程中6个时刻的冰柱压缩状态

Figure 8. Transparent icicle states at 6 instances for a compression strain rate of 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹

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图 9 应变率为10⁻² s⁻¹时不同棉纤维质量分数的含棉冰试件压缩后的形态

Figure 9. Morphology of specimens containing cotton fiber with different mass fractions

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图 10 棉纤维质量分数为(a) 0、 (b) 3%、 (c) 6%、 (d) 12%时不同应变率下冰柱的应力-应变曲线

Figure 10. Stress-strain curves of ice columns containing cotton fibers with mass fractions of (a) 0, (b) 3%, (c) 6%, and (d) 12% at different strain rates

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图 11 棉纤维质量分数不同的冰柱的临界应变能

Figure 11. Critical strain energies of icicles with different cotton mass fractions

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表 1 ASTM F320-21标准冰雹参数

Table 1. Standardization of hail in ASTM F320-21

Hail diameter/mm	Hail mass/g	Cotton fiber mass fraction/%	Cotton fiber mass/g	Error/%	Temperature/℃
13	1.0	12	0.14	±30	−18
25	8.2	12	1.00	±30	−18
50	66.4	12	8.00	±30	−18

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表 2 人工制备圆柱冰尺寸

Table 2. Parameters of artificial icicles

Icicle diameter/mm	Icicle height/mm	Icicle mass/g	Cotton fiber mass fraction/%	Error/%	Temperature/℃
18	8	2.0	0, 3, 6, 12	±30	−18
16	7	1.4	0, 3, 6, 12	±30	−18

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表 3 试件在不同应变率下的压缩屈服强度

Table 3. Compressive yield strength of specimens at different strain rates

Cotton fiber mass fraction/%	Strain rates/s⁻¹	Compressive yield strength/MPa	Change/%
0	10⁻⁴	3.744
	10⁻³	1.563	−58.20
	10⁻²	0.770	−50.75
3	10⁻⁴	8.920
	10⁻³	12.150	36.21
	10⁻²	12.495	2.84
6	10⁻⁴	8.920
	10⁻³	14.050	57.51
	10⁻²	15.425	9.79
12	10⁻⁴	11.200
	10⁻³	13.673	22.08
	10⁻²	21.670	58.49

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表 4 试件尺寸及屈服强度

Table 4. Dimensions and compression strengths of specimens

Strain rates/s⁻¹	Cotton fiber mass fraction/%	Specimen size		Mean yield strength/MPa
Strain rates/s⁻¹	Cotton fiber mass fraction/%	Diameter/mm	Height/mm	Mean yield strength/MPa
10⁻⁴	0	16	7	4.47
	0	18	8	3.74
	3	16	7	8.43
	3	18	8	8.62
	6	16	7	9.70
	6	18	8	8.92
	12	16	7	12.75
	12	18	8	11.53
10⁻³	0	16	7	1.20
	0	18	8	1.56
	3	16	7	12.24
	3	18	8	12.15
	6	16	7	15.40
	6	18	8	14.05
	12	16	7	16.80
	12	18	8	13.80
10⁻²	0	16	7	0.76
	0	18	8	0.77
	3	16	7	13.79
	3	18	8	12.50
	6	16	7	20.00
	6	18	8	15.43
	12	16	7	20.10
	12	18	8	21.67

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