残矿回采挤压爆破参数优化的数值模拟

周朝兰; 刘志祥; 杨小聪; 刘立顺; 张双侠; 马泗洲

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220694

残矿回采挤压爆破参数优化的数值模拟

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220694

周朝兰^1,,
刘志祥^1,*, ,,
杨小聪^{2, 3},
刘立顺^{2, 3},
张双侠¹,
马泗洲¹

1.
中南大学资源与安全工程学院, 湖南长沙　410083
2.
矿冶科技集团有限公司, 北京　102628
3.
国家金属矿绿色开采国际联合研究中心, 北京　102628

基金项目: 国家“十四五”科技攻关项目（2022YFC2904101）；国家自然科学基金（51974359）

详细信息

作者简介:
周朝兰（1998－），女，硕士研究生，主要从事采矿工程与岩石力学研究.E-mail：1649471674@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘志祥（1967－），男，博士，教授，主要从事采矿与岩石力学研究. E-mail：liulzx@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383; TD862
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-18
- 修回日期: 2023-01-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-05

Numerical Simulation on Optimization of Extrusion Blasting Parameters for Residual Ore Recovery

1.
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
2.
Mining and Metallurgical Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102628, China
3.
National International Joint Research Center for Green Mining of Metal Mines, Beijing 102628, China

摘要

摘要: 为减少回采过程中残留顶底柱资源浪费，以赤峰柴胡栏子金矿为研究对象，基于LS-DYNA有限元软件，建立挤压爆破崩落放矿回采底柱数值模型，根据0.7、0.8、1.0 m 3种最小抵抗线和0.8、0.9、1.0 m 3种孔距设计9种方案，通过分析炮孔爆破过程中爆炸裂纹扩展与压力演化、有效应力和有效塑性应变时程曲线以及矿石的损伤情况，获取各方案的评判指标。采用模糊层次分析法构建目标相对优属度矩阵和模糊判断矩阵，通过综合评判选出最佳的爆破方案。结果表明：最小抵抗线取0.7 m、孔间距取0.9 m为挤压爆破崩落放矿回采底柱的最佳爆破参数。现场试验结果表明，使用优化后的爆破参数获得的爆破效果更好。
- 残矿回采 /
- 挤压爆破 /
- 爆破参数优化 /
- 模糊层次分析法
Abstract: In order to reduce the waste of residual top and bottom pillars resources in the recovery process of Chaihulanzi gold mine, a numerical model of extrusion blasting was established based on LS-DYNA finite element software. According to the three minimum burden of 0.7, 0.8 and 1.0 m, and the three hole spacings of 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 m, nine cases were designed. And the evaluation indicators of each case were obtained by analyzing the blasting crack propagation and pressure evolution, effective stress and effective plastic strain varying with time and ore damage during the blasting process. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) was used to construct the target relative superiority matrix and fuzzy judgment matrix, and the best blasting case was selected by a comprehensive evaluation. The results show that the minimum burden is 0.7 m and the hole spacing is 0.9 m, which is the optimal blasting parameter combination for extrusion blasting. The field test results show that the blasting effect is better with the optimized blasting parameters.
- residual ore recovery /
- extrusion blasting /
- optimization of blasting parameters /
- fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

HTML全文

图 1 挤压爆破崩落放矿回采底柱

Figure 1. Caving and drawing ore of bottom pillar by extrusion blasting

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图 2 挤压爆破数值模型（方案2）

Figure 2. Numerical model of extrusion blasting (Case 2)

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图 3 爆炸裂纹扩展与压力演化过程

Figure 3. Blasting crack propagation and pressure evolution

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图 4 有效应力时程曲线

Figure 4. Variation of effective stress with time

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图 5 有效塑性应变时程曲线

Figure 5. Variation of effective plastic strain with time

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图 6 各方案的矿石损伤分布

Figure 6. Ore damage distribution for varying cases

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图 7 不同损伤因子下裂纹的分布特征

Figure 7. Crack distribution characteristics under different damage factors

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图 8 各损伤因子下的裂纹面积（方案2）

Figure 8. Crack area under each damage factor (Case 2)

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图 9 各方案的有效损伤率

Figure 9. Effective damage rate for each case

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图 10 试验采场

Figure 10. Test stope

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图 11 现场爆破效果

Figure 11. Renderings of the site blasting test

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表 1 挤压爆破回采底柱模拟方案

Table 1. Simulation case of bottom pillar by extrusion blasting

Case No.	Minimum burden/m	Hole spacing/m	Row spacing/m	Case No.	Minimum burden/m	Hole spacing/m	Row spacing/m
1	0.7	0.8	1.0	6	0.8	1.0	1.0
2	0.7	0.9	1.0	7	1.0	0.8	1.0
3	0.7	1.0	1.0	8	1.0	0.9	1.0
4	0.8	0.8	1.0	9	1.0	1.0	1.0
5	0.8	0.9	1.0

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表 2 岩石RHT模型的主要参数

Table 2. Main parameters of RHT model for rock

Density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Relative shear strength/GPa	Relative tensile strength/GPa	Elastic shear modulus/GPa	Uniaxial compressive strength/MPa	D₁	D₂
2.8	38	10	19.2	88	0.04	1

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表 3 空气材料参数^[5]

Table 3. Material parameters of air^[5]

ρ_e0/(g·cm⁻³)	E_e0/(J·cm⁻³)	C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆
1.255×10^–3	0.25	0	0	0	0	0.401	0.401	0

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表 4 2号岩石乳化炸药的材料参数及JWL状态方程参数^[10]

Table 4. Parameters of No.2 rock emulsion explosive and JWL equation of state^[10]

Density/(g·cm⁻³)	D/(km·s⁻¹)	p_CJ/GPa	A/GPa	B/MPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa	V
1.2	3.5	3.17	214.4	182	4.2	0.9	0.15	4.192	1.0

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表 5 各方案的主要技术指标比较

Table 5. Comparison of the main technical indicators of each scheme

Case	Effective stress/MPa	Effective plastic strain	Displacement/ cm	Velocity/ (m·s⁻¹)	Effective damage rate/%
1	245.0	0.755	1.222	11.17	27.717
2	241.2	0.810	1.302	12.03	25.790
3	211.1	0.744	1.201	6.14	21.758
4	211.5	0.700	1.239	11.14	25.206
5	227.6	0.740	1.272	7.51	23.909
6	214.8	0.764	1.186	5.37	20.588
7	228.1	0.701	1.233	10.49	22.151
8	227.5	0.831	1.311	6.19	21.561
9	212.6	0.652	1.171	3.34	17.878

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