基于SPH方法的变压器网侧套管内部爆炸数值模拟及稳定性分析

赵春风; 周志航; 朱玉富

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220674

基于SPH方法的变压器网侧套管内部爆炸数值模拟及稳定性分析

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220674

合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院, 安徽合肥　230009

基金项目: 安徽能源互联网联合基金（2008085UD12）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵春风（1983-），男，博士，教授，主要从事工程结构抗震与减震、组合结构抗爆研究.E-mail：zhaowindy@hfut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-11
- 修回日期: 2022-11-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-05

Numerical Simulation and Stability Analysis of Internal Explosion of Transformer Net Side Bushing by SPH Method

School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 网侧套管是变压器的重要组成部分，在使用过程中因绝缘击穿现象可能引起套管内部冷却油爆炸，给变压器箱体造成很大的安全隐患，因此开展网侧套管爆炸事故的定量评估具有重要意义。通过非线性有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了二维变压器套管模型，采用光滑粒子流体动力学法对变压器套管在内部爆炸作用下的动态响应进行了模拟，分析了不同参数对套管破坏特征的影响规律。通过基于套管径向粒子速度曲线的稳定性判断方法，评估了各套管的失稳时间。结果表明：在内部爆炸作用下，套管管壁中部在内外壁拉压联合作用下率先产生破坏，在冲击波传播过程中套管整体损伤呈凸状变化趋势。过高的爆炸当量、冷却油的存在和初始裂纹缺陷对套管保持稳定有较大影响。爆炸当量的减小可以使套管破坏模式由双向剪切破坏向受拉破坏转变，整体稳定性也随之增强。当爆源位于引线外壁时，冷却油流体所辐射出的冲击波不仅使套管失稳时间有所提前，还会造成外壁膨胀破坏范围变大。应力集中现象和有效壁厚的减小使含初始裂纹缺陷套管剪切破坏失稳现象发展迅速。
- 变压器套管 /
- 光滑粒子流体动力学法 /
- 失稳时间 /
- 破坏模式
Abstract: The net side bushing is an important part of the transformer. During operation, the cooling oil inside the bushing will explode due to insulation breakdown, which will cause great potential safety hazard to the transformer. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out quantitative evaluation of the net side bushing explosion accident. In this paper, a two-dimensional transformer bushing model was established by nonlinear finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA with smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The dynamic response of transformer bushing under internal explosion was simulated. And the influence of different parameters on the failure characteristics of bushing was analyzed. The instability time of bushing was evaluated by the stability judgment method based on the curves of radial particle velocity. The results show that under the action of internal explosion, the middle part of the bushing is first damaged under the combined action of tension and compression of the inner and outer surfaces, and the overall damage of the bushing shows a convex trend during the propagation of the shock wave. The high explosion equivalent, the existence of cooling oil and initial crack defects have a greater influence on the stability of bushing. The decrease of explosion equivalent can change the failure mode of bushing from bidirectional shear failure to tensile failure, and the influence on overall stability is also reduced. When the explosion source is located on the outer wall of the conductive rod, the shock wave radiated by the cooling oil not only makes the bushing instability time advance, but also causes the outer wall expansion damage range to become wider. The stress concentration and the decrease of effective wall thickness make the shear failure instability of bushing with initial crack defects develop rapidly.
- transformer bushing /
- smooth particle hydrodynamics method /
- instability time /
- failure mode

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图 1 变压器套管二维SPH模型

Figure 1. Two-dimensional SPH model of transformer bushing

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图 2 模拟验证中的SPH模型

Figure 2. SPH model for validation analysis

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图 3 柱壳外表面膨胀速度

Figure 3. Expansion velocity of outer surface of cylinder

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图 4 套管爆炸损伤过程

Figure 4. Damage process of bushing under explosion

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图 5 套管沿壁厚的塑性应变分布

Figure 5. Plastic strain distribution along the wall thickness of bushing

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图 6 粒子节点选取示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of particle node selection

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图 7 套管失稳时间判断曲线

Figure 7. Judgement curves of bushing instability time

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图 8 套管损伤特征图像及粒子失稳时间判断曲线

Figure 8. Damage characteristics of bushing and judgment curves of particle instability time

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图 9 对比试件的二维SPH模型

Figure 9. Two-dimensional SPH model of comparison specimen

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图 10 对比试件的损伤特征

Figure 10. Damage characteristic of comparison specimen

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图 11 对比试件的套管失稳时间判断曲线

Figure 11. Judgment curves of bushing instability time of comparison specimen

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图 12 无冷却油套管的损伤特征

Figure 12. Damage characteristic of bushing without cooling oil

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图 13 无冷却油套管的失稳时间判断曲线

Figure 13. Judgment curves of instability time of bushing without cooling oil

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图 14 两类裂纹缺陷套管

Figure 14. Two types of bushing with different crack defects

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图 15 含裂纹缺陷套管的损伤特征

Figure 15. Damage characteristic of bushing with different crack defects

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图 16 含裂纹缺陷套管沿壁厚方向的塑性应变

Figure 16. Plastic strain of bushing with different crack defects along the wall thickness

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图 17 含裂纹缺陷套管的失稳时间判断曲线

Figure 17. Judgment curves of instability time of bushing with different crack defects

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表 1 套管的主要材料属性^[14]

Table 1. Main material properties of bushing^[14]

p_HEL/GPa	Density/(kg·m⁻³)	Shear modulus/GPa	Tensile strength/GPa	${\dot \varepsilon }{_0}$/s^–1
3.63	3 280	157	0.26	1.0

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表 2 引线的主要材料属性^[15–16]

Table 2. Main material properties of wire^[15–16]

Density/(kg·m⁻³)	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	m
8 960	905	292	0.31	1.095

c_p/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	C	c/(m·s⁻¹)	S₁	γ₀
383	0.025 3	4 578	1.33	1.67

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表 3 炸药的主要材料属性^[18]

Table 3. Main material properties of explosive^[18]

Density/(kg·m⁻³)	A_e/GPa	B_e/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa
1 630	540	9.4	4.5	1.1	0.35	8

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表 4 变压器油的主要材料属性^[15–16]

Table 4. Main material properties of transformer oil^[15–16]

Density/(kg·m^–3)	c/(m·s⁻¹)	S₁	γ₀
895	1 480	1.75	0.28

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表 5 不同TNT当量下响应的数值模拟结果对比

Table 5. Comparison of numerical results of response under different TNT equivalents

W/(g·cm⁻¹)	Failure mode	Expansion velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Instability time/μs
6.0	Bidirectional shear failure (three locations)	289.18	48.8
4.0	Bidirectional shear failure (one location)	196.09	60.1
3.2	Mixed tensile-shear failure	188.06	66.9
2.1	Tensile failure	164.97	82.6

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