Phase Transition of Cerium-Lanthanum Alloys under Planar Impact and Magnetically Driven Ramp Loading
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摘要: 为探究铈镧合金在γ相区的压缩特性以及加载应变率对铈镧合金动态相变行为的影响，采用火炮驱动平面撞击和磁驱动斜波压缩两种加载方式对铈镧合金（Ce-5%La，La的质量分数为5%）进行动态加载，通过测量波剖面获得铈镧合金在γ相区的弹塑性转变、状态方程以及γ→α相变压力。结果表明，铈镧合金在平面撞击下会形成准等熵压缩波，证实铈镧合金在γ相区具有理论预测的反常压缩特性。正因为这一反常压缩特性，两种加载方式下铈镧合金在γ相区的应变率响应非常接近，从而导致γ→α相变压力对加载应变率不敏感。镧的掺入显著提高了铈合金的动态相变压力，显示出该相变具有4f电子驱动结构相变的特征。Abstract: In order to investigate the compressibility of cerium-lanthanum (CeLa) alloys in the γ phase and the effects of the strain rate on the phase transformation behaviors, two loading techniques, including both the powder-gun-driven planar impact and the magnetically driven ramp compression, are adopted to investigate the Ce-5%La alloys (the mass fraction of La is 5%). The elastic-plastic transition behavior, the equation of state in the γ phase, and the γ→α phase transition pressures, are obtained from the velocity profile measurement. It is found that isentropic compression waves can be generated upon planar impact into the CeLa alloy, which verifies that the CeLa alloy shows a theoretically predicted abnormal compressibility in the γ phase. Due to the abnormal compressibility, the strain rates of compression obtained from the diagnostic side of the CeLa alloys are close to each other, even though two different loading techniques are applied, as a result, the pressure of γ→α phase transition in the CeLa alloys is not sensitive to the loading strain rate. The addition of lanthanum into cerium alloys increases the pressure for the dynamic phase transition, showing the feature of phase transformation driven by 4f electron in strongly correlated systems.
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图 1 火炮驱动平面碰撞铈镧合金样品靶装置示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the planar impact of CeLa alloys driven by a powder gun
图 2 铈镧合金样品的磁驱加载实验示意图(a)以及驱动电极-LiF窗口界面粒子速度变化曲线(b)
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of magnetically driven compression of the CeLa alloys (a) and the electrode-LiF window interface velocity (b)
图 3 磁驱动斜波加载和平面撞击下铈镧合金的样品-窗口界面粒子速度和1/2自由面粒子速度
Figure 3. CeLa-LiF interface velocity and 1/2 free surface velocities of the CeLa alloys under magnetically driven loading and planar impact loading
图 4 拉格朗日坐标下平面撞击铈镧合金样品中的压缩波传播及其波剖面特征（t0、t1、t2、t3和t4分别为飞片撞击时刻、HEL、P1波到达自由面时刻、P2波到达自由面时刻、P2波进入平台区时刻）
Figure 4. Propagation of the compression waves in the CeLa alloy sample under planar impact in the Lagrangian coordinate system and their features on the free surface velocity profile (t0, t1, t2, t3, and t4 represent the impact time by the flyer and the arrival times of the HEL, P1 and P2 waves, and the time when the P2 waves reach a plateau, respectively.)
图 5 铈镧合金在γ相区的状态方程（红色阴影区域代表实验数据的不确定度，不确定度来自不同DPS探头诊断结果的分散性和波动性）
Figure 5. Equation of state of CeLa alloys in the γ phase (The uncertainties of the experimental data are shown by the shaded red region, originated from the diversity and fluctuations of the velocity profiles measurements.)
图 6 磁驱动加载下铈镧合金样品与LiF窗口界面粒子速度拐点的阻抗匹配分析（阴影区域代表实验数据的不确定度，来自图5(b)）
Figure 6. A graphical impedance matching analysis of the turning point in the CeLa-LiF interfacial velocity profile under magnetically driven loading (The uncertainties of the experimental data are shown by the shaded region, originated from the data in Fig. 5(b).)
表 1 铈镧合金（Ce-5%La）在不同加载条件下的主要诊断结果
Table 1. Main diagnostic results of CeLa alloys (Ce-5%La) under different loading techniques
Shot No. Thickness/mm Loading technique Strain rate/s−1 pHEL/MPa ptr/GPa pH/GPa 1 3.0 Powder-gun-driven planar impact 4.4×104 132±2 1.05±0.02 1.20±0.02 2 1.2 Magnetically driven ramp compression 3.8×104 1.03±0.02 
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表 2 采用不同方法得到的不同加载应变率下铈镧合金（Ce-5%La）的相变压力
Table 2. Phase transition pressure of CeLa alloys (Ce-5%La) under different strain rates obtained by different methods
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