高地应力下岩体的爆破损伤及能量特性

梁瑞; 李生荣; 包娟; 周文海

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220599

高地应力下岩体的爆破损伤及能量特性

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220599

梁瑞^1,,
李生荣¹,
包娟¹,
周文海^{1, 2}

1.
兰州理工大学石油化工学院, 甘肃兰州　730050
2.
兰州大学土木工程与力学学院西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室, 甘肃兰州　730000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51566010）；甘肃省自然科学基金（B061709）

详细信息

作者简介:
梁　瑞（1968—），男，博士，教授，主要从事安全工程与工程爆破研究. E-mail：liangr@lut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O346; TU45
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-30
- 修回日期: 2022-06-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-15
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-05

Blasting Damage and Energy Characteristics of Rock Mass under High in-Situ Stress

1.
School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Western Disaster and Environmental Mechanics, Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

摘要

摘要: 在深层岩体地下工程中，岩体的爆破效果与地应力密切相关。基于岩体-空气流固耦合模型，采用理论分析与LS-DYNA有限元数值模拟相结合的方式，研究了不同地应力和侧压系数条件下岩体爆破损伤效果以及岩体非弹性边界处能量及质点峰值振动速度阈值的变化规律。结果表明：岩体的损伤范围和裂纹扩展在一定程度上受到地应力的抑制作用，地应力越大，损伤范围和裂纹长度越小；不同地应力下，非弹性区与弹性区边界处的能量差随侧压系数的增大而减小，当侧压系数一定时，能量随地应力的增大而增大；高地应力状态下，利用质点峰值振动速度阈值判据进行岩体爆破安全控制是不可靠的。
- 地应力 /
- 质点峰值振动速度 /
- 流固耦合 /
- 爆破效果 /
- 损伤面积
Abstract: In blasting excavation of deep rock mass engineering, the blasting effect is closely related to ground stress. Based on the rock mass-air fluid-solid coupling model, the blasting damage effect of rock mass under different in-situ stress and lateral pressure coefficient, and the variation rule of energy and peak particle velocity (PPV) threshold at inelastic boundary of rock mass were studied by combining theoretical analysis and LS-DYNA finite element numerical simulation. The results show that the damage range and crack propagation of rock mass are restrained by in-situ stress to a certain extent. The larger the in-situ stress is, the smaller the damage range and crack length will be. Under different ground stresses, the energy difference between the inelastic zone and the elastic zone decreases with the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient. When the lateral pressure coefficient is constant, the energy increases with the increase of ground stress. Under the condition of high in-situ stress, it is inaccurate to use the PPV threshold to determine the safety control of rock blasting.
- in-situ stress /
- peak particle velocity /
- fluid-structure interaction /
- blasting effect /
- damage area

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图 1 深部岩体的受力示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of stress of rock mass

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图 2 t=2 ms时无地应力岩体爆破损伤区域示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of blasting damage area of rock mass without in-situ stress at t=2 ms

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图 3 不同地应力下岩体的损伤云图

Figure 3. Damage cloud map of rock mass under different in-situ stresses

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图 4 岩体损伤半径

Figure 4. Damage radius of rock mass

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图 5 地震波能量时程曲线

Figure 5. Time history of seismic wave energy

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图 6 监测单元示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of monitoring unit

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图 7 损伤度与爆心距的关系

Figure 7. Relationship between damage degree and the distance to the blast center

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图 8 PPV随爆心距的衰减曲线

Figure 8. PPV decay curve with distance to the blast center

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图 9 不同地应力下损伤度与PPV的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between damage degree and PPV under different in-situ stresses

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图 10 岩体的PPV阈值及损伤度变化率

Figure 10. PPV threshold and damage change rate of rock mass

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表 1 岩石模型材料参数

Table 1. Rock material parameters in model

$\,\rho /( { {\text{g} } \cdot {\text{c} }{ {\text{m} }{^{ - 3} } } } )$	${E{_0}}/{\text{GPa} }$	$\,\mu$	$\sigma /{\text{GPa} }$	${E{_{\tan } } }/{\rm {GPa} }$	$\,\beta_{\rm r}$
2.7	6.2	0.22	0.5	0.02	0.6

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表 2 炸药的力学参数

Table 2. Mechanical parameters of explosive

${\,\rho {_0} }$/(g·cm⁻³)	D/(m·s⁻¹)	${p{_{\max } }}$/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	${R{_1}}$	${R{_2}}$	$ \omega $	${e{_0} }/{\rm {GPa}}$
1.18	5122	9.53	276.2	8.44	5.2	2.1	0.5	3.87

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表 3 工况参数

Table 3. Parameters of working conditions

Case No.	$ \xi $	${\sigma {_x}}$/MPa	${\sigma {_y}}$/MPa	Case No.	$ \xi $	${\sigma {_x}}$/MPa	${\sigma {_y}}$/MPa
1	0	0	0	8	2	45	22.5
2	1	15	15.0	9	2	60	30.0
3	1	30	30.0	10	3	15	5.0
4	1	45	45.0	11	3	30	10.0
5	1	60	60.0	12	3	45	15.0
6	2	15	7.5	13	3	60	20.0
7	2	30	15.0

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