不同试验条件和含水状态下花岗岩的声发射与破裂演化特征

张恒源; 郭佳奇; 孙飞跃; 石晓燕; 朱子辉

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220577

不同试验条件和含水状态下花岗岩的声发射与破裂演化特征

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220577

1.
河南理工大学土木工程学院, 河南焦作　454000
2.
军事科学院国防工程研究院, 河南洛阳　471023

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52178388，51778215）；河南省自然科学基金（212300410146）；河南省科技攻关项目（212102310292）

详细信息

作者简介:
张恒源（1998－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事隧道与地下工程防灾减灾研究.E-mail：zhy983@163.com

通讯作者:
郭佳奇（1981－），男，博士，副教授，博士生导师，主要从事隧道与地下工程防灾减灾研究.E-mail：gjq519@163.com

中图分类号: O347; TU45
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-06
- 修回日期: 2022-05-30
- 录用日期: 2022-08-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-04
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-05

Acoustic Emission and Fracture Evolution Characteristics of Granite under Different Testing and Moisture Conditions

1.
College of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
2.
Institute of Defense Engineering, AMS, PLA, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China

摘要

摘要: 为进一步揭示含水岩石破裂演化机制和裂纹扩展规律，开展了不同含水状态花岗岩的单轴压缩试验、巴西劈裂试验和直剪试验，得到了岩石在变形破坏过程中的力学、声学信息，结合声发射振铃计数和特征参数（RA）与平均频率（AF）的相对关系，厘清了含水花岗岩在不同试验条件下的微观破裂特征。结果表明：水对岩石的抗压、抗拉、抗剪强度以及弹性模量均有明显的弱化作用；不同试验条件下花岗岩的声发射信号存在明显差异，单轴压缩条件下声发射振铃计数在峰值应力点附近激增且信号活动主要出现在峰值应力点后，巴西劈裂条件下声发射振铃计数的整体波动相对较小，直剪试验条件下振铃计数激增现象比单轴压缩明显提前，呈阶梯式增长；单轴压缩条件下张拉裂纹数量呈现先减少再增加的趋势，而剪切裂纹始终在减少，直剪试验条件下剪切裂纹占主导作用，巴西劈裂条件下张拉裂纹占主导作用；不同试验条件下水对花岗岩剪切裂纹和张拉裂纹的影响机制类似，水会促进岩石内部张拉裂纹的发育而抑制剪切裂纹的发育。研究结果可为进一步探究工程围岩在不同应力场下的破裂特征提供一定的参考依据。
- 岩石力学 /
- 声发射 /
- 破裂演化 /
- 裂纹类型 /
- RA-AF值
Abstract: To reveal the fracture evolution mechanism and crack propagation law of water-bearing granite, uniaxial compression, Brazilian splitting and direct shear tests of granite with different water-bearing states were carried out. The mechanical and acoustic information of rock during deformation and failure were obtained. Combined with acoustic emission ringing count and the relationship between RA (ratio of rise time to amplitude) and AF (average frequency), the microscopic fracture characteristics of water-bearing granite under different test conditions were clarified. The results show that water has obvious weakening effect on the compressive strength, tensile strength, shear strength and elastic modulus of rock. There are significant differences in acoustic emission activities of granite under different test conditions. Under uniaxial compression, the ringing count of acoustic emission surges near the peak stress point and the signal activity mainly occurs after the peak stress point. Under Brazilian splitting condition, the overall fluctuation of the ringing count of acoustic emission is relatively small. Under direct shear test, the ringing count surges significantly earlier than that of uniaxial compression and increases in a stepwise manner. The influence mechanism of water on shear cracks and tensile cracks of granite under different test conditions is similar, that is, the presence of water increases the number of tensile cracks in the rock and reduces the number of shear cracks. In uniaxial compression, tensile cracks show a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, while shear cracks are always decreasing. Shear cracks play a leading role in the direct shear test, and tensile cracks play a leading role in the Brazilian splitting. The research results provide some reference for further study on the fracture characteristics of engineering surrounding rock under different stress conditions.
- rock mechanics /
- acoustic emission /
- fracture evolution /
- crack type /
- RA-AF value

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图 1 试验条件

Figure 1. Test condition

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图 2 不同试验条件下花岗岩的应力-应变曲线

Figure 2. Stress-strain curves of granite under different test conditions

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图 3 裂隙体积应变法确定岩石特征应力示意图

Figure 3. Diagram of determining rock characteristic stress by fracture volume strain method

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图 4 不同试验条件下水对强度的影响

Figure 4. Influence of water on strength under different test conditions

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图 5 弹性模量随含水率的变化

Figure 5. Variations of elastic modulus with water content

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图 6 声发射波形特征参数

Figure 6. Characteristic parameters of acoustic emission waveform

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图 7 单轴压缩下不同含水状态花岗岩的声发射特征

Figure 7. Acoustic emission characteristics of granite with different water-bearing states under uniaxial compression

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图 8 巴西劈裂试验下不同含水状态花岗岩的声发射特征

Figure 8. Acoustic emission characteristics of granite with different water-bearing states under Brazilian splitting test

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图 9 直剪试验下不同含水状态花岗岩的声发射特征

Figure 9. Acoustic emission characteristics of granite with different water-bearing states under direct shear test

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图 10 RA-AF信号分布散点图和密度图

Figure 10. Distribution and density of RA-AF signals

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图 11 RA-AF信号裂纹类型分类标准

Figure 11. Classification standard of RA-AF signal crack types

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图 12 单轴压缩下的RA-AF分布

Figure 12. RA-AF distribution under uniaxial compression

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图 13 单轴压缩下各个变形阶段的RA-AF分布

Figure 13. RA-AF distribution of each deformation stage under uniaxial compression

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图 14 巴西劈裂下的RA-AF分布

Figure 14. RA-AF distribution under Brazilian splitting

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图 15 直剪试验下的RA-AF分布

Figure 15. RA-AF distribution under direct shear test

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表 1 试验分组方案

Table 1. Test grouping scheme

Sample	Test mode	State	Diameter/mm	Height/mm	Mass/g
H-D-1	Uniaxial compression	Saturated	49.90	99.75	544.47
H-D-2		Nature	50.57	100.33	544.60
H-D-3		Dry	50.06	99.48	533.25
H-B-1	Brazilian splitting	Saturated	49.58	30.53	164.54
H-B-2		Nature	50.15	32.08	163.16
H-B-3		Dry	50.01	30.48	163.01
H-Z-1	Direct shear	Saturated	50.07	100.36	542.86
H-Z-2		Nature	50.18	100.28	545.67
H-Z-3		Dry	50.19	101.29	541.30

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表 2 单轴压缩试验条件下不同含水状态花岗岩的特征应力

Table 2. Characteristic stress of granite with different water-bearing states under uniaxial compression

Sample	σ_cc/MPa	σ_ci/MPa	σ_cd/MPa	σ_ucs/MPa	$\dfrac{ {\sigma{_ {\text{cc} } } } }{ {\sigma {_{\text{ucs} } } } }\Big{/}$%	$\dfrac{ {\sigma{_ {\text{ci} } } } }{ {\sigma{_ {\text{ucs} } } } } \Big{/}$%	$\dfrac{ {\sigma{_ {\text{cd} } } } }{ {\sigma{_ {\text{ucs} } } } }\Big{/}$%
H-D-1	19.745	55.802	98.716	130.209	15.164	42.856	75.814
H-D-2	22.853	64.697	110.453	154.987	14.745	41.743	71.266
H-D-3	24.574	72.417	133.319	194.710	12.621	37.192	68.471

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