Effect of Near-Field Overpressure Enhancement of Reactive Material on Low Collateral Damage Ammunition
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摘要: 为了实现低附带毁伤弹药的近场爆炸威力增强效应，提出在分装式低附带毁伤弹药的重金属颗粒嵌层中加入活性元成分，以期增强近场超压与比冲量。开展了不同含量活性元的静爆实验，利用自由场压力测试系统测得爆炸后近场及中远场的冲击波压力曲线。结果表明：在重金属颗粒嵌层中加入一定含量的活性元后，冲击波超压峰值和比冲量在37.5倍装药直径处分别提高31.6%和21.3%。根据实验结果，利用数值模拟确定了Miller反应速率模型参数，讨论了活性元后燃反应能量释放规律以及活性元组分反应度随时间的变化关系，在充分燃烧的理想情况下，活性元二次燃烧持续时间可达300 ms，且活性元含量区间极有可能存在最优配比。研究结果可为分装式低附带毁伤武器的近场冲击波区域增强效应及其工程化设计提供参考。Abstract: To realize the effect of the near-field shock wave enhancement of low collateral damage ammunition, this study proposes to add reactive material into the embedding layer of heavy metal particle in the sub-package low collateral damage ammunition to enhance the near-field overpressure and specific impulse. Static explosion experiments with different contents of reactive material were carried out, and the pressure curves of the near field and the mid-far field shock wave after the explosion were measured by the free field pressure test system. The results show that: after adding a certain content of reactive material into the heavy metal particle intercalation, the peak value of the overpressure and the specific impulse of shock wave at 37.5 times charge diameter are increased by 31.6% and 21.3%, respectively. According to the experimental results, the parameters of the Miller reaction rate model were determined by numerical simulation, and the law of energy release after-combustion reaction of the active element and the time-dependent change of the reactivity of the reactive material components were discussed. The duration of the secondary combustion can reach 300 ms under the ideal situation of sufficient combustion, and an optimal proportion of the range of reactive material content is likely exist. This research provides considerable development direction and application prospects for the regional enhancement effect of near-field shock wave and its engineering design of sub-packaged low collateral damage weapons.
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图 5 冲击波特征参数随距离的变化
Figure 5. Change of the characteristic parameters of shock wave with distance
图 7 冲击波超压峰值（Δp）与运动距离（X）随时间（t）的变化曲线
Figure 7. Change curves of peak overpressure of shock wave and movement distance with time
图 8 含10%活性元时反应度随时间的变化曲线
Figure 8. Reactivity versus time curve withthe mass fraction of 10% RM
图 9 37.5倍装药直径处的冲击波超压时程曲线
Figure 9. Time history of the overpressure of shock wave at 37.5 times charge diameter
图 10 50倍装药直径处的冲击波超压时程曲线
Figure 10. Time history of the overpressure of shock wave at 50 times charge diameter
表 1 活性重金属颗粒嵌层配方
Table 1. Embedded formulation of reactive heavy metal particle
Serial number Mass fraction of heavy metal particle embedded/% WC diameter/µm WC RM Additive LCD-1 90 0 10 150–250 LCD-2 82 10 8 150–250 
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表 2 JWL状态方程参数
Table 2. Parameters of JWL equation of state
Explosives and RM A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω Q/(kJ·g−1) E/(kJ·g−1) Composition B/0% Al 524.63 7.678 4.2 1.1 0.34 0 4.95 Composition B/10% Al 524.63 7.678 4.2 1.1 0.34 15.67 4.95
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表 3 冲击波超压峰值数值模拟结果与实验对比
Table 3. Comparison of numerical simulation results of the peak overpressure of shock wave with experiments
R/m Δp/kPa δ/% Δpe Δps 1.5 169.2 163.6 3.3 2.0 86.0 89.5 4.4 3.0 40.0 42.8 3.3
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