Effect of Aging Temperature on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TB8 Titanium Alloy
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摘要: TB8（Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si）是一种亚稳态β型钛合金，在航空航天领域发挥着重要的作用。微观组织结构、应变和应变率是影响材料力学性能的3大重要因素，基于万能材料试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）测试手段，研究了固溶和时效热处理工艺对TB8钛合金力学性能的影响，并通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜表征材料变形前后的微观组织结构及其断面形貌。结果表明：经过固溶+时效处理后，合金内部析出短条状α相，且时效温度越高，次生相尺寸越大，数量越少；在不同应变率加载条件下，热处理前后的TB8钛合金均表现出明显的应变率强化效应，动态加载条件下应变强化作用不明显；时效温度升高时，高应变率下合金屈服强度降低，塑性升高；动态加载条件下试样的破坏形式为典型的剪切破坏；绝热剪切带是裂纹形成和试样破坏的前兆。Abstract: TB8 (Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si) is a metastable β titanium alloy, which plays an important role in the aerospace field. Microstructure, strain and strain rate are three important factors affecting mechanical properties of TB8 titanium alloy. Based on a universal material testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device, the effect of solution and aging heat treatment process on mechanical properties of TB8 titanium alloy was studied. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the microstructure and section morphology of the specimens before and after deformation. The results show that short strip α phase precipitates inside the alloy after solution and aging treatment, and the size and quantity of secondary phase increase with aging temperature increasing. Under different loading conditions, the strain rate strengthening effect of TB8 titanium alloy before and after heat treatment is obvious, but the strain strengthening effect is not obvious under dynamic loading condition. With the increase of aging temperature, the yield strength of the alloy decreases and the plasticity increases. The failure mode of specimens under dynamic loading is typical shear failure. Adiabatic shear band is the precursor of crack formation and specimen failure.
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图 3 820 ℃固溶处理前后TB8钛合金的显微结构
Figure 3. Microstructure of TB8 titanium alloy before and after solution treatment at 820 ℃
图 4 不同热处理后试样的XRD谱
Figure 4. XRD spectra of the samples after different heat treatment processes
图 5 不同温度时效处理后试样的显微组织形貌
Figure 5. Microstructure of the samples at different temperatures
图 6 准静态条件下TB8钛合金的应力-应变曲线
Figure 6. Stress-strain curves of TB8 titanium alloyunder quasi-static condition
图 7 TB8钛合金原始试样动态压缩前后的宏观形貌
Figure 7. Macro-morphology of the TB8 titanium alloy specimens before and after dynamic compression
图 8 固溶处理前后TB8钛合金在不同应变率下的真实应力-真实应变曲线
Figure 8. True stress-true strain curves of TB8 titanium alloy at different strain rates before and after solution treatment
图 9 固溶+时效处理的TB8钛合金在不同应变率下的真实应力-真实应变曲线
Figure 9. True stress-true strain curves of TB8 titanium alloy treated by solution and aging at different strain rates
图 10 不同应变率下TB8钛合金的屈服强度随时效温度的变化规律
Figure 10. Variations of yield strength of TB8 titanium alloy with aging temperature at different strain rates
图 11 热处理后TB8钛合金宏观破坏时的真实应力-真实应变曲线
Figure 11. True stress-true strain curves of TB8 titanium alloy specimens after heat treatment under macroscopic failure
图 12 不同应变率下TB8钛合金的平均流变应力随时效温度的变化
Figure 12. Variations of average flow stress of TB8 titanium alloy with aging temperature at different strain rates
图 13 高应变率下TB8钛合金的微观组织形貌
Figure 13. Microstructure of TB8 titanium alloy at high strain rates
图 14 不同温度时效处理后TB8钛合金的断口形貌
Figure 14. Fracture morphology of TB8 titanium alloy after aging treatment at different temperatures
表 1 TB8钛合金各组分的质量分数
Table 1. Mass fraction of each component ofTB8 titanium alloy
Composition Mass fraction/% Mo 15.33 Nb 2.63 Al 3.37 Si 0.67 Fe 0.35 Ti Rest 
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表 2 固溶处理前后TB8钛合金的屈服强度
Table 2. Yield strength of TB8 titanium alloy before and after solution treatment
Strain rate/s–1 Yield strength/MPa Untreated ST 1200 1205 1199 1500 1218 1216 1900 1224 1232 2200 1258 1242 2400 1254 1245
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表 3 热处理后TB8钛合金宏观破坏时的动态力学性能参数
Table 3. Dynamic mechanical properties of TB8 titanium alloy specimens after heat treatment under macroscopic failure
Heat treatment Strain rate/s–1 Yield strength/MPa Failure strain ST 2400 1245 0.167 ST+aging at 500 ℃ 2000 1430 0.132 ST+aging at 550 ℃ 2000 1380 0.142 ST+aging at 600 ℃ 2200 1290 0.148
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