冰雹载荷下基于碳纤维增强复合材料的腔棘鱼鳞双螺旋仿生结构的撞击损伤分析

韩登安; 徐丹; 叶仁传; 任鹏

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220526

冰雹载荷下基于碳纤维增强复合材料的腔棘鱼鳞双螺旋仿生结构的撞击损伤分析

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220526

江苏科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院, 江苏镇江　212000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52001145）

详细信息

作者简介:
韩登安（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail：1778011765@qq.com

通讯作者:
任　鹏（1984－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail：renpeng@just.edu.cn

中图分类号: O341; O521.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-06
- 修回日期: 2022-04-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-28

Analysis on Damage of Double-Helicoidal Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bionic Structure Inspired by Coelacanth Scales under Hail Load

School of Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为了提高纤维复合材料构件抗冰雹载荷性能，基于腔棘鱼鳞独特的双螺旋结构，建立了以碳纤维增强复合材料为基体的腔棘鱼鳞双螺旋仿生结构数值模型，并验证了该仿生结构模型的有效性。对比分析了双螺旋仿生结构和正交层合结构的毁伤特性，进而探究了冰雹撞击能量及分布密度对该双螺旋仿生结构动态响应的影响。结果表明，双螺旋仿生结构在冰雹作用下的毁伤程度低于相同密度条件下的正交层合结构。当撞击能量达到1149.3 J时，正交层合结构出现了明显的基体破碎及纤维断裂，而双螺旋仿生结构仅表现为撞击区域的浅表分层并伴随少量纤维断裂。双螺旋仿生结构在冰雹撞击下的力学响应可分为3个阶段。随着撞击能量的增加，撞击区域首先发生基体拉伸，撞击点临近区域发生分层及面外凸起；进而分层区域向四周扩展，在冰雹的持续加载下撞击位置的位移达最大值；此后，仿生结构出现回弹直至稳定。该双螺旋仿生结构的能量吸收比率及接触力均随撞击能量的增加而线性增大。在相同质量冰雹的作用下，随着冰雹分布密度的增加，双螺旋仿生结构的上表面损伤程度减小，下表面损伤区域增大。研究结果为基于碳纤维增强复合材料的腔棘鱼鳞仿生结构在冰雹载荷下的轻量化设计奠定了基础。
- 腔棘鱼鳞 /
- 碳纤维复合材料 /
- 双螺旋仿生结构 /
- 冰雹撞击 /
- 动态响应 /
- 毁伤
Abstract: In order to improve the impact resistance of fiber composite components under hail load, inspired by the unique double-helicoidal structure of coelacanth scales, a numerical model of the double-helicoidal bionic structure made of carbon fiber reinforced composite was established, and the effectiveness of the bionic structure model was verified. The damage characteristics of the bionic-structure and the orthogonal lamination structure under hail load were compared and analyzed, and the influences of the hail impact energy and the hail distribution on the dynamic response of the double-helicoidal bionic structure were studied. The results show that the damage degree of the double-helicoidal bionic structure under the action of hail is better than the orthogonal laminated structure of the same density. When the impact energy reaches 1149.3 J, the orthogonal laminated structure shows an obvious matrix fracture and a fiber breakage, while the double-helicoidal bionic structure only shows a superficial delamination in the impact area with a small fiber fracture. The mechanical response of the bionic structure under hail impact can be divided into three stages. As the impact energy increases, the impact area firstly shows a matrix stretching, and the area near the impact point is delaminated and bulged out-of-plane; then the delamination area expands to the surrounding area, and the displacement of the impact position reaches the maximum under the continuous load of hail; since then, the bionic structure rebounds until it is stable. Both the energy absorption ratio and the contact force of the double-helicoidal bionic structure increase linearly with the increase of the impact energy. Under the same mass hail load, the damage degree of the upper surface gradually decreases with the increase of hail distribution density, and the damage area on the lower surface gradually increases for the bionic structure. The research results lay a foundation for the lightweight design of the coelacanth scales-inspired bionic structure under hail load.
- coelacanth scales /
- carbon fiber reinforced polymer /
- double-helicoidal bionic structure /
- hail impact /
- dynamic response /
- damage

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图 1 双螺旋仿生结构

Figure 1. Double-helicoidal bionic structure

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图 2 实验^{[11, 15]}和数值模拟得到的接触力曲线及损伤对比

Figure 2. Comparisons between experiment^{[11, 15]} and simulation of contact force curve and damage appearance

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图 3 相同撞击能量下双螺旋仿生结构和正交层合结构的响应曲线

Figure 3. Response curves of double-helicoidal bionic structure and orthogonal laminated structure under the same impact energy

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图 4 冰雹高速撞击下双螺旋仿生结构和正交层合结构的动态损伤

Figure 4. Dynamic damage of double-helicoidal bionic structure and orthogonal laminated structure under hail high-speed impact

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图 5 不同撞击能量下双螺旋仿生结构的动态响应曲线：(a)接触力曲线，(b)撞击点位移曲线

Figure 5. Dynamic response curves of double-helicoidal bionic structure under different impact energies: (a) contact force curves, (b) impact center displacement curves

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图 6 不同撞击能量下双螺旋仿生结构的接触力峰值(a)和能量吸收比(b)

Figure 6. Peak contact force (a) and energy absorption ratio (b) of double-helicoidal bionic structure under different impact energies

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图 7 不同撞击能量下双螺旋仿生结构的损伤

Figure 7. Damage of double-helicoidal bionic structure under different impact energies

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图 8 双螺旋仿生结构在不同冰雹分布密度下的损伤

Figure 8. Damage of double-helicoidal bionic structure under different hail distribution densities

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图 9 不同冰雹分布密度下双螺旋仿生结构等效撞击中心的最大位移

Figure 9. Center displacement in the equivalent impact domain of double-helicoidal bionic structure under different hail distribution densities

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表 1 碳纤维单层板材料参数及层间强度参数

Table 1. Carbon fiber unidirectional plate material and interlaminar strength parameters

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E₁₁/GPa	E₂₂/GPa	E₃₃/GPa	ν₂₃	ν₁₂	ν₁₃	G₁₂/GPa
1540	76	14.5	14.5	0.33	0.33	0.33	1.1

G₁₃/GPa	G₂₃/GPa	X_t/MPa	X_c/MPa	Y_t/MPa	Y_c/MPa	S₁₂/MPa	S₁₃/MPa
1.1	1.65	1378	950	40	175	97	97

S₂₃/MPa	K_nn/GPa	K_ss/GPa	K_tt/GPa	$t{_{\rm{n} }^{\rm{o}}}$/MPa	$t{_{\rm{s} }^{\rm{o}}}$/MPa	$t{_{\text{t} }^{\rm{o}} }$/MPa
45	5.20	3.91	3.91	71	30	30

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表 2 冰雹的材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters of the hail

Compressive strength ratio	Strain rate/s⁻¹	Compressive strength ratio	Strain rate/s⁻¹	Compressive strength ratio	Strain rate/s⁻¹
1.05	0.1	2.24	5.0	3.14	100.0
1.54	0.5	2.45	10.0	3.63	500.0
1.75	1.0	2.93	50.0	3.84	1000.0

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表 3 冰雹的材料参数^[14]

Table 3. Material parameters of the hail^[14]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	Elastic modulus/GPa	Poisson’s ratio	Tension failure pressure/MPa	Yield stress/MPa
905	9.38	0.33	0.517	5.2

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表 4 不同结构的能量变化

Table 4. Energy changes of different structures

Structure type	E_ik/J	E_ε/J	E_rk/J	E_a/J	R/%
Double-helicoidal structure	127.7	74.3	3.2	50.2	39.3
	287.3	151.0	16.5	119.8	41.7
	510.8	217.5	64.0	229.3	44.9
	798.1	300.9	111.6	385.6	48.3
	1149.3	385.8	143.9	619.6	53.9
Orthogonal structure	1149.3	351.7	70.9	726.7	63.2

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