深埋引水隧洞光面爆破周边孔装药结构优化试验研究

赵晓明; 杨玉民; 蒋楠; 蔡忠伟; 欧阳松

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220503

深埋引水隧洞光面爆破周边孔装药结构优化试验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220503

赵晓明^1,,
杨玉民²,
蒋楠^2,*, ,,
蔡忠伟¹,
欧阳松¹

1.
中国水利电力对外有限公司, 北京　100011
2.
中国地质大学（武汉）工程学院, 湖北武汉　430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41807265，41972286）；中国水利电力对外有限公司项目（CWE-GJ-296/20）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵晓明（1973－），男，本科，高级工程师，主要从事水利水电工程施工及项目管理研究.E-mail：zhao_xiaoming1@ctg.com.cn

通讯作者:
蒋　楠（1986－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事隧道工程稳定性研究. E-mail：jiangnan@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382; TU45
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-17
- 修回日期: 2022-02-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-28

Optimization of Charging Structure of Surrounding Holes in Smooth Blasting of Deep Diversion Tunnel

1.
China International Water & Electric Corporation, Beijing 100011, China
2.
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 隧洞爆破周边孔不连续装药结构是影响光面爆破效果的重要因素之一。基于秘鲁圣加旺Ⅲ水电站引水隧洞工程，针对现场爆破施工方案超挖现象，采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立周边孔不连续装药结构数值计算模型，分析了不同药卷间距下周边孔模型的围岩爆破效果；选择最优的周边孔装药结构设计方案开展现场爆破试验，对比验证了装药结构设计对隧洞超挖的改善效果。结果表明：当周边孔药卷间距小于350 mm时，爆破不会出现欠挖现象，且超挖范围随着药卷间距的增大而减小；当周边孔药卷间距大于400 mm时，爆破效果开始出现欠挖现象，且随着药卷间距的增大，欠挖范围增大。通过数值模型对比分析得出周边孔的最优药卷间距为350 mm，采用优化后的爆破设计方案进行爆破试验，得到的超挖范围明显减小，最大超挖距离由43 cm降至30 cm。
- 周边孔 /
- 装药结构 /
- 参数优化 /
- 损伤特征 /
- 超挖 /
- 欠挖
Abstract: The distance between explosive roll of surrounding hole is one of the important factors affecting the effect of smooth blasting. Based on the diversion system project of hydropower station in Peru, this paper introduced the blasting design scheme of the project and evaluated the blasting effect. The peripheral hole model under different charge structures was established by ANSYS/LS-DYNA to analyze the blasting effect of the surrounding hole model on rock. At last, the optimal design scheme of surrounding hole is selected for blasting test, so as to improve the over excavation and under-excavation phenomenon of the project. The results show that when the distance is less than 350 mm, the under-excavation will not appear and the over excavation range decreases with the increase of the distance between the surrounding holes. When the distance is more than 400 mm, the under-excavation begins to appear in the blasting effect and increases with the increase of the distance. Through the comparative analysis of the numerical model, it is concluded that the optimal charge spacing of the surrounding hole is 350 mm. The optimal design scheme is adopted for the blasting test. It is obtained that the overbreak range is significantly reduced, and the maximum distance is reduced from 43 cm to 30 cm.
- surrounding hole /
- charge structure /
- parameter optimization /
- damage characteristics /
- over excavation /
- under-excavation

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图 1 工程概况

Figure 1. Project overview

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图 2 爆破效果

Figure 2. Blasting effect drawing

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图 3 数值模型

Figure 3. Numerical model

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图 4 围岩截面示意图

Figure 4. Schematic of surrounding rock section

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图 5 截面B上的围岩损伤云图

Figure 5. Damage nephogram of rock on section B

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图 6 30.00 ms时截面B上的围岩损伤范围

Figure 6. Damage range of rock on section B at 30.00 ms

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图 7 截面A上的围岩损伤云图

Figure 7. Damage nephogram of rock on section A

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图 8 30.00 ms时截面A上的围岩损伤范围

Figure 8. Damage range of rock on section A at 30.00 ms

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图 9 围岩截面示意图

Figure 9. Schematic of surrounding rock section

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图 10 截面C上的围岩损伤对比

Figure 10. Comparison of surrounding rock damage on section C

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图 11 截面D上的围岩损伤对比

Figure 11. Comparison of surrounding rock damage on section D

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图 12 截面E上的围岩损伤对比

Figure 12. Comparison of surrounding rock damage on section E

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图 13 优化后的爆破效果

Figure 13. Effect drawing of optimized blasting

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表 1 爆破参数

Table 1. Blasting parameters

Blast hole	Hole type	Blast hole depth/m	Number	Single hole charge/kg
Empty hole	Vertical hole	3.2	4	0
Cut hole	Vertical hole	3.0	13	1.23
Auxiliary hole	Vertical hole	3.0	56	1.58
Peripheral hole	Vertical hole	3.0	27	2.02
Bottom hole	Vertical hole	3.0	8	2.82

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表 2 岩石材料参数

Table 2. Parameters of rock

$\,\rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	G/GPa	T/MPa	p_c/MPa	p_l/GPa	$\,\mu $_l	$\,\mu $_c	f_c/MPa	A	B
2.84	11.57	8	48.8	1.2	0.0120	0.0025	146.5	0.3	2.5

C	N	S_max	D₁	D₂	E_fmin	K₁/GPa	K₂/GPa	K₃/GPa
0.0097	0.79	15	0.04	1	0.01	12	25	42

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表 3 空气材料参数

Table 3. Parameters of air

$\,\rho $/(kg·m⁻³)	C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	e₀/(J·m⁻³)
1.29	0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0	2.5×10⁵

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表 4 炮泥的主要参数

Table 4. Main parameters of blasting mud

$\,\rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	$\,\nu$
1.8	214	0.3

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表 5 炸药材料参数

Table 5. Parameters of explosive

$\,\rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	A_e/GPa	B_e/GPa	R₁	R₂	$\omega $	E₀/GPa	V₀/cm³
1.25	214	18.2	4.2	0.9	0.15	4.19	1.00

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