乳化炸药水下爆炸载荷输出特性实验研究

郑欣颖; 李海涛; 张弛; 吕岩松

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20220502

乳化炸药水下爆炸载荷输出特性实验研究

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220502

海军工程大学舰船与海洋学院, 湖北武汉　430033

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51679244）

详细信息

作者简介:
郑欣颖（1998－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事舰船抗爆抗冲击研究. E-mail：zxy_18271333753@163.com

通讯作者:
吕岩松（1976－），男，博士，副教授，主要从事舰船结构研究. E-mail：navylys@163.com

中图分类号: O381
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-10
- 修回日期: 2022-03-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-28

Experimental Study on Load Characteristics of Underwater Explosion for an Emulsion Explosive

College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究乳化炸药水下爆炸载荷输出特性，开展了乳化炸药水下爆炸实验，通过改变药量、爆距、爆深等参数，得到了不同工况下乳化炸药水下爆炸冲击波和气泡载荷典型参数，分析了其能量输出结构，并将实验结果与TNT炸药水下爆炸载荷计算公式进行对比，获得了乳化炸药水下爆炸载荷的TNT当量。结果表明：Geers-Hunter载荷公式可以预测乳化炸药水下爆炸载荷输出的一般规律，特别是气泡脉动周期；气泡脉动压力峰值是初始冲击波压力峰值的10%～20%，气泡能是冲击波能的2倍左右；脉动压力变化呈现先缓慢上升达到峰值后急速下降趋于零并保持平稳的态势，波形上升沿耗时普遍比下降沿耗时长；乳化炸药水下爆炸在等冲击波超压和等气泡脉动周期下的TNT当量平均值分别约为0.595和0.646。研究结果可为乳化炸药的水下爆炸应用提供重要参考。
- 乳化炸药 /
- 水下爆炸 /
- TNT当量 /
- 冲击波 /
- 气泡脉动
Abstract: In order to study the load characteristics of underwater explosion for an emulsion explosive, underwater explosion experiments of the emulsion explosive were carried out. By changing critical parameters such as explosive charge mass, explosion distance and depth, the typical parameters of underwater explosion shock waves and bubble loads were obtained for different cases. The energy output was analyzed and compared with TNT for the calculation formula of underwater explosion loads, then the TNT equivalence for underwater explosion of the emulsion explosive was attained. The results show that Geers-Hunter formula can predict the general law of load output of underwater explosion for the emulsion explosive, especially with regard to the bubble pulsation period. The bubble oscillation pressure accounts for 10%–20% of the initial shock wave peak pressure, and the bubble energy is about twice the shock wave energy. The oscillation pressure waveform exhibits a trend of slowly rising to the peak, then rapidly falling to zero and keeping a steady state, thus the rising edge of the waveform generally takes longer time than the falling edge. The average TNT equivalence of the emulsion explosive in underwater explosion is about 0.595 as to the same shock wave overpressure, and about 0.646 as to the same bubble pulsation period. This research results can provide important reference for the application of emulsion explosives in underwater explosion.
- emulsion explosive /
- underwater explosion /
- TNT equivalence /
- shock wave /
- bubble oscillation

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图 1 实验布局

Figure 1. Experimental arrangement

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图 2 不同工况下乳化炸药水下爆炸压力时程曲线

Figure 2. Pressure histories of underwater explosion for the emulsion explosive under different cases

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图 3 压力的实验曲线与Geers-Hunter公式计算曲线的对比

Figure 3. Comparison of pressure histories between experiment and Geers-Hunter formula

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图 4 不同工况下乳化炸药水下爆炸气泡脉动压力随时间变化曲线

Figure 4. Histories of bubble oscillation pressure for different cases in underwater explosion of the emulsion explosive

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图 5 超压峰值与比例距离的拟合曲线

Figure 5. Fitting curve between peak overpressure and scaled distance

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图 6 气泡脉动周期与比例爆深的拟合曲线

Figure 6. Fitting curve between bubble pulsation period and scaled explosion depth

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表 1 实验工况

Table 1. Experimental cases

Case	m_e/g	h/m	R/m	$\bar{r}$/(m·kg^−1/3)	Case	m_e/g	h/m	R/m	$\bar{r}$/(m·kg^−1/3)
1	10	1.5	1.2	5.570	5	80	1.0	1.2	2.785
2	10	1.5	1.5	6.962	6	80	1.0	1.5	3.481
3	80	1.5	1.2	2.785	7	160	1.5	1.2	2.210
4	80	1.5	1.5	3.481	8	160	1.5	1.5	2.763

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表 2 实验结果与经验公式计算结果对比

Table 2. Comparison between experimental results and empirical formula

Case No.	p_m			T			I
Case No.	Exp./ MPa	Theor./ MPa	Error/ %	Exp./ ms	Theor./ ms	Error/ %	Exp./ (kN·s·m⁻²)	Theor./ (kN·s·m⁻²)	Error/ %
1	4.7	6.2	24.1	56	46	21.7	0.180	0.204	11.8
2	3.9	4.8	18.8	56	46	21.7	0.129	0.164	21.3
3	11.8	13.8	14.5	107	95	12.6	0.601	0.742	19.0
4	8.5	10.7	20.6	99	95	4.2	0.343	0.609	43.7
5	12.0	13.8	13.0	105	98	7.1	0.532	0.742	28.3
6	9.0	10.7	15.9	107	98	9.2	0.403	0.609	33.8
7	17.0	17.9	5.0	133	120	10.8	0.916	1.150	20.3
8	14.1	13.9	1.4	134	120	11.7	0.811	0.943	14.0

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表 3 乳化炸药的能量输出结构

Table 3. Energy structure of emulsion explosive

Case No.	m_e/g	h/m	R/m	E_s/(kJ·g⁻¹)	E_b/(kJ·g⁻¹)	μE_s/E_b	E_t/(kJ·g⁻¹)
1	10	1.5	1.2	0.841	2.416	0.473	3.560
2	10	1.5	1.5	0.824	2.416	0.464	3.537
3	80	1.5	1.2	0.908	2.416	0.511	3.651
4	80	1.5	1.5	0.880	2.416	0.495	3.613
5	80	1.0	1.2	0.904	2.419	0.508	3.648
6	80	1.0	1.5	0.884	2.419	0.497	3.621
7	160	1.5	1.2	0.921	2.416	0.518	3.669
8	160	1.5	1.5	0.901	2.416	0.507	3.641

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