High-Temperature and High-Speed Synchronous Ballistic Impact Test Method
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摘要: 为研究高温高速冲击载荷作用下GH4169镍基高温合金靶板的变形和破坏行为，在已有的弹道冲击气炮基础上增加了靶板的高温加载装置、弹体发射和高温炉体同步分离结构。针对尺寸为160 mm×160 mm×2 mm的GH4169靶板进行了高温高速弹道冲击试验方法验证。结果表明：该装置可实现温度高于500 ℃、速度大于320.0 m/s的高温弹道冲击试验。在弹体冲击靶板过程中，靶板正反面的温度差小于0.1%，靶板的面内温度差小于2.6%。对GH4169靶板进行了高、低温弹道冲击试验，结果表明，在500 ℃高温条件下，由冲击造成的靶板全局变形范围较常温条件下小29.5%，高温条件下GH4169靶板的抗冲击性能优于常温试验结果。Abstract: In order to understand the deformation and damage behavior of a nickel-based GH4169 superalloy target under the high-temperature and high-speed impact load, a high-temperature loading device of the target was added on the existing ballistic impact gas gun firstly, as well as a synchronous separation mechanism for projectile launching and high-temperature furnace. Then, the method of high-temperature and high-speed ballistic impact test of the GH4169 targets (160 mm×160 mm×2 mm) was verified. The results show that this device can achieve the high-temperature ballistic impact tests with temperatures exceeding 500 ℃ and speeds exceeding 320 m/s. During the ballistic impact test, the difference of temperature between the front and rear of the target was less than 0.1%, the uniformity of temperature inside the target was less than 2.6%. In the ballistic impact tests of GH4169 targets at different temperatures, the global deformation range of the target at 500 ℃ was 29.5% smaller than that at room temperature. The test results show that the impact resistance of GH4169 at 500 ℃ is better than that at room temperature.
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图 4 升温过程中测点温度随时间变化曲线
Figure 4. Curves of temperature change of monitoring points with time at elevated temperature
图 5 移除高温炉后靶板测点温度随时间的变化曲线
Figure 5. Temperature curves of monitoring pointwith time after furnace removed
图 6 弹丸冲击速度v0与时间间隔tz的关系曲线
Figure 6. Relationship between impact velocity of the projectile v0 and time interval t
z 
图 7 弹丸冲击速度与测点温度的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between impact velocity of projectileand temperature of monitoring points
图 8 常温条件下弹道冲击靶板的损伤情况
Figure 8. Damage of the target under ballistic impact at room temperature
图 9 500 ℃高温条件下弹道冲击靶板的损伤情况
Figure 9. Damage of the target under ballistic impact at 500 ℃
图 10 500 ℃高温冲击下靶板的局部损伤和裂纹情况
Figure 10. Local damage and crack of the target under high temperature impact at 500 ℃
图 11 弹道冲击靶板花瓣形裂纹的局部损伤情况
Figure 11. Local damage of the petal cracks of the ballistic impact targets
表 1 弹道冲击计算的相关参数
Table 1. Calculation parameters of ballistic impact
Sf/m2 m/kg Vcq/m3 $\gamma $ R/(J·mol−1·K−1) T/K $\,\mu $g /(kg·mol−1) L/m 4.91×10−4 0.054 2.18×10−2 1.41 8.31 300 2.8×10−2 5 
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