Optical Response and Application of Mechanoluminescent Film of ZnS:Cu under Impact Pressure
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摘要: 力致荧光材料因具有发光亮度强、力致响应灵敏度高、稳定性良好以及无需外加电压或紫外光照射激活等特性而被广泛应用于应力传感、应力记录等领域。然而，国内外对力致荧光材料的动态冲击特性鲜有研究。通过高温固相烧结法制备了ZnS:Cu粉末，并利用X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对其进行了表征。结果表明，ZnS:Cu粉末晶体具有纤锌矿结构，平均颗粒大小约为20 μm。然后，通过ZnS:Cu粉末与水玻璃的混合物在靶板上涂覆形成约50 μm的力致荧光薄膜。此外，通过轻气炮平板撞击实验，得到ZnS:Cu力致荧光薄膜的输出电压信号与冲击压力呈线性关系，与理论分析结果一致。最后，提出了两种基于力致荧光薄膜的测试方法：多点冲击压力测试方法和冲击波到达时间测试方法。其中，多点冲击压力测试方法可用于微小尺度以及大尺度炸药装药爆轰压力分布式测量，冲击波到达时间测试方法可用于冲击波速度和冲击波波阵面形状等参数的测量。Abstract: Mechanoluminescent materials are widely used in stress sensing, recording and other fields because of their strong luminescence brightness, high force sensitivity, good stability and no need for external bias or ultraviolet irradiation. However, little research has been conducted on dynamic impact response of mechanoluminescent materials. ZnS:Cu powder was prepared by high temperature solid state sintering, and characterized by X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that ZnS:Cu powders have a wurtzite structure, and the average particle size is about 20 μm. The mechanoluminescent film of approximately 50 μm thickness was coated on the target plate by mixing ZnS:Cu powder and sodium silicate. In addition, the plane-plate impact experiments show that the output voltage signal induced by ZnS:Cu mechanoluminescent film has a linear relationship with the impact pressure, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. Finally, two testing methods based on mechanoluminescent film are proposed. The multi-point impact pressure test method can be used for the distributed measurement of detonation pressure produced by small-scale and large-scale explosive charges, and the shock wave arrival time test method can be used for the measurement of shock wave velocity, shock wavefront shape and other parameters.
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Key words:
- impact pressure /
- mechanoluminescence /
- ZnS:Cu film /
- shock wave velocity
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图 4 ZnS:Cu粉末的450倍率SEM图像(a)和40000倍率SEM图像(b)
Figure 4. SEM images of ZnS:Cu powder at 450 magnification (a) and 40000 magnification (b)
图 5 ZnS:Cu粉末中Zn元素(a)、S元素(b)和Cu元素(c)的XPS谱
Figure 5. XPS spectra of Zn (a), S (b) and Cu (c) of ZnS:Cu powder
图 8 力致荧光薄膜的典型时域响应信号
Figure 8. Typical temporal response signal of mechanoluminescent film
图 10 基于力致荧光薄膜的多点冲击压力测试装置示意图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of multi-point impact pressure test device based on mechanoluminescent film
图 11 基于力致荧光薄膜的冲击波到达时间测试装置示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of shock wave arrival time test device based on mechanoluminescent film
表 1 飞片速度以及对应的冲击压力与信号电压
Table 1. Flyer velocity corresponding impact pressure and voltage of the signal
v/
(m·s−1)p/
GPaUmax/
V98.49 3.75 0.036 153.98 5.90 0.120 184.44 7.08 0.385 301.50 11.72 0.852 340.85 13.30 1.480 
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