Numerical Simulation of Deformable Directional Fragment Warhead Performance in Different Expansion Modes
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摘要: 为使战斗部具有多种定向毁伤模式并实现一定程度上的可控毁伤，提出了一种扇形装药的可变形定向破片战斗部，该战斗部可实现轴向展开和侧向展开2种模式。采用AUTODYN软件进行破片场的数值模拟。首先，基于战斗部单元体分析获得了距离轴心25 mm处的最佳起爆点位置；其次，对整个战斗部进行分析，在轴向展开模式下分析了轴向展开角度对破片飞散速度、破片数目和破片空间分布的影响，发现轴向展开角在60°～75°范围内毁伤效果较佳；最后，在侧向展开模式下分析了整个战斗部的破片速度和破片空间分布情况，结果表明破片具有明显的定向飞散特性。Abstract: In order to enable warhead to have multiple directional damage modes and to achieve a certain degree of controllable damage, a deformable directional fragment warhead with fan-shaped charge is proposed. It can realize an axial-expanding mode and an lateral-expanding mode. The AUTODYN software is used to carry out the numerical simulation of the fragment field. Firstly, the position of the initiation point at 25 mm away from the central axis is determined based on the analysis of the unit constituting the warhead. Secondly, for the axial-expanding mode, the influence of the axial-expansion angle on the fragment flying speed, the quantity and the spatial distribution of fragments are obtained. The results show that the damage effect of the warhead is better when the axial-expansion angle is in the range of 60°–75°. Thirdly, for the lateral-expansion mode, the velocity and the spatial distribution of fregments are analyzed. It showes that the fragments under the lateral-expansion mode have directional flying quality.
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Key words:
- directional warhead /
- axial-expansion /
- lateral-expansion /
- fragment spatial distribution
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图 7 不同起爆点位置下破片的飞散速度
Figure 7. Fragments’ mean velocity for different initiation points
图 8 10 μs时不同起爆点位置下壳体所受压强分布云图
Figure 8. Pressure distribution on warhead case for different initiaion points at a time delay of 10 μs
图 10 100 μs时单元体破片的飞散情况
Figure 10. Fragment dispersion of unit constituting warhead at different initiation points at a time delay of 100 μs
图 12 不同轴向展开角下破片位置的散点图
Figure 12. Scatter plots of fragments’ locations at different axial-expansion angles
图 13 不同轴向展开角下破片的平均速度及其Z轴的分量
Figure 13. Mean velocities and velocities in Z axis of fragments at different expansion angles
图 15 不同轴向展开角下破片的分布情况
Figure 15. Fragment dispersions at different axial-expansion angles
图 16 破片盲区锥顶角示意图
Figure 16. Schematic diagram of the cone angle for the zone without fragment
图 17 不同轴向展开角下破片盲区的锥顶角
Figure 17. Cone angles of zone without fragment at different axial-expansion angles
图 18 侧平面破片飞散角示意图
Figure 18. Schematic diagram of fragments’ dispersion angle in lateral plane
图 19 不同轴向展开角度下破片的侧平面飞散角
Figure 19. Fragments’ dispersion angles in lateral plane for different axial-expansion angles
图 20 不同轴向展开角下破片速度随周向角的分布情况
Figure 20. Fragments’ velocity distribution in versus of
$\phi $ for different axial-expension angles
图 21 不同轴向展开角下破片速度随侧平面飞散角的分布情况
Figure 21. Fragments’ velocity distributions in versus of
$\delta $ for different axial-expansion angles
图 23 侧向展开模式下破片位置散点图
Figure 23. Scatter plot of fragments’ locations in lateral-expanding mode
图 24 侧向展开模式下破片速度分布
Figure 24. Velocity distribution of fragments in lateral-expanding mode
表 1 材料模型
Table 1. Material models
Component Material Equation of state Strength model Failure model Explosive Comp. B JWL Hydro Casing Steel 4340 Linear Johnson-Cook Principal strain 
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表 2 Comp. B炸药材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters of Comp. B
$\,\rho $/(g·cm−3) D/(m·s−1) pCJ/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω 1.717 7980 29.5 524.2 7.678 4.2 1.1 0.34
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表 3 4340钢材料参数
Table 3. Material parameters of steel 4340
$\,\rho $/(g·cm−3) IYS/GPa HC/GPa HE SRC RSR BM/GPa SM/GPa 7.83 0.792 0.51 0.26 0.014 1 159 81.8
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表 4 密集区破片的平均速度
Table 4. Mean velocity of fragments in dense area
$\,\beta$/(°) Mean velocity/(m∙s−1) d=10 mm d=20 mm d=30 mm d=40 mm d=50 mm d=60 mm 60 1180 1182 1225 1287 1311 1323 75 1302 1332 1343 1366 1376 1401 90 1413 1491 1503 1515 1524 1527
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表 5 侧平面飞散角在不同取值区间的破片占比
Table 5. Distribution of fragments at different intervals of dispersion angle in the lateral plane
$\,\beta $/(°) $\delta $min/(°) $\delta $max/(°) $x{_\delta} $/% $\delta $<10° 10°
−20°20°
−30°30°
−40°40°
−50°50°
−60°60°
−70°70°
−80°80°
−90°$\delta $>90° 15 −3.54 33.47 33.26 41.34 22.25 3.15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 4.24 55.05 6.92 7.14 45.76 31.03 4.02 5.13 0 0 0 0 45 16.76 69.07 0 4.34 5.84 28.35 43.29 13.42 4.76 0 0 0 60 30.98 84.57 0 0 0 13.12 13.62 42.16 25.45 3.34 2.31 0 75 49.99 91.84 0 0 0 0 10.60 21.66 27.19 29.95 9.45 1.15 90 47.75 101.00 0 0 0 0 0.17 8.95 25.99 23.75 29.95 11.19
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表 6 飞散角
$\gamma $ 和$\eta $ 在不同取值区间内的碎片数占比Table 6. Fragment distributions at different intervals of dispersion angles
$\gamma $ and$\eta $ $x{_\gamma}$/% $\gamma $max/(°) 0°−5° 5°−10° 10°−15° 15°−20° 20°−25° 25°−30° 30°−35° 35°−40° 40°−45° 57.68 23.41 9.88 3.29 2.32 0.73 0.85 0.61 1.23 44.24 $x{_\eta}$/% $\eta $max/(°) 0°−5° 5°−10° 10°−15° 15°−20° 20°−25° 25°−30° 30°−35° 35°−40° 40°−45° 54.63 30.00 5.24 2.32 5.98 1.59 0.24 0 0 31.34
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