Research on Compression Deformation of Hollow Lattice Structure Based on Additive Manufacturing
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摘要: 点阵结构具有质量轻、承压性能好、比刚度大等特点，广泛应用于轻量化部件与承压结构。采用选区激光熔覆技术制备了316L不锈钢空心点阵结构，通过准静态压缩实验和有限元数值模拟，研究了含不同尺寸空心微柱的点阵结构在压缩变形时的失效和变形模式及其成因。结果表明：316L不锈钢材料的空心管状结构在点阵压缩过程中无明显压溃失稳，其结构失效模式是由节点失效诱发微柱变形，进而造成整体失效；结构的变形模式为整体均匀变形，但是当壁厚和外径较小时，边界层将因刚度不足而率先变形；增大空心微柱尺寸可使结构刚度增大。Abstract: Lattice structure is widely used in lightweight components and pressure-bearing structures due to its light weight, good pressure-bearing performance, and high specific stiffness. In this study, a hollow lattice structure was manufactured by selected laser melting (SLM) technology. A combination of quasi-static compression experiment and finite element numerical simulation was used to study the failure and deformation modes of hollow lattice structures containing hollow micropillars with different sizes during compression deformation. It is shown that there is no obvious collapse and instability for the hollow lattice structure during the compression process. The failure of the node induces the deformation of the micro-pillars in structure, which in turn causes the overall failure. The deformation mode is uniform overall structure. However, when the wall thickness of hollow structure is small, the boundary layer will deform first due to insufficient rigidity. Increasing the size of the hollow tube could increase the rigidity of the structure.
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图 4 数值模拟与压缩实验得到的压缩力-位移曲线
Figure 4. Compression force-displacement curves obtained by numerical simulation and compression experiment
图 6 3种样品的层间相对位移-时间曲线
Figure 6. Relative displacement-time curves of three types of samples
图 7 具有不同微柱尺寸的点阵结构的应力-应变曲线
Figure 7. Stress-strain curves of lattice structures with different micropillar sizes
Laser power/W Scan speed/(m·s−1) Layer thickness/mm Scan line width/mm Scanning accuracy/mm 400 7 30–80 70–200 0.05–0.20 
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表 2 SLM制备的样品质量
Table 2. Mass of samples prepared by SLM
Category h/mm D/mm Theoretical mass/g Actual mass/g Error/% 1 0.3 1.2 11.224 11.365 1.26 11.288 0.57 11.468 2.17 11.871 5.76 11.636 3.67 2 0.4 1.4 15.907 16.054 0.92 16.783 5.51 16.451 3.42 16.955 6.59 15.994 0.55 3 0.5 1.6 20.862 21.041 0.86 21.057 0.93 20.974 0.54 21.006 0.69 21.167 1.46
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$\,\rho$/(g·cm−3) A/MPa B/MPa n E/GPa 7.98 436.5 1075 0.8371 80.78
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表 4 点阵结构的理论表观密度
Table 4. Theoretical apparent density of lattice structures
D/mm Apparent density/(g·cm−3) h=0.3 mm h=0.4 mm h=0.5 mm 1.2 5.71 6.93 7.71 1.4 5.00 6.23 7.17 1.6 4.39 5.58 6.57
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表 5 有限元模拟的误差分析
Table 5. Error analysis of finite element model
Category Compression force/N Error/% Experiment Simulation 1 8399.93 9023.77 7.43 2 17283.53 17313.24 0.17 3 32168.93 31218.17 −2.96
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