Design and Crashworthiness Study Based on Horsetail Bionic Thin-Walled Structure
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摘要: 基于马尾草茎秆的结构特征，设计了一种新型马尾草仿生薄壁管。利用有限元软件ABAQUS，分析了双圆管和马尾草仿生薄壁管在轴向压缩下的耐撞性能和能量吸收特性。结果表明：在质量相同的情况下，仿生薄壁管的比吸能提高了34.74%，压缩力效率提高了37.50%，马尾草仿生薄壁管的比吸能随壁厚的增加而单调递增；对于肋数不同、质量相同的仿生薄壁管，肋数为4的结构耐撞性最好；在肋厚不变（比吸能损失较小）的前提下，调节肋角可以降低薄壁结构的初始峰值力。为了进一步提高薄壁管的能量吸收能力，以内半径、肋角和肋厚为设计变量，进行了多目标优化。采用响应面法和遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ），使比吸能最大化的同时初始峰值载荷最小化。与最初设计的仿生薄壁管相比，优化后薄壁管的比吸能提高了13.42%。Abstract: Bionic design structures have received wide attention for their excellent mechanical properties and potential applications in engineering fields. In the bionic context, a new horsetail bionic thin-walled structure is designed and its energy absorption characteristics under axial compression are investigated. The results show that the specific energy absorption (SEA) of the bionic thin-walled tube is increased by 34.74% and the compression force efficiency is increased by 37.50%; the specific energy absorption of the bionic thin-walled structure increases monotonically with the wall thickness; the impact resistance of the thin-walled structure is the best when the number of ribs is 4 for a certain mass; the SEA is almost not lost when the rib thickness is constant. The initial peak force of the thin-walled structure can be reduced by adjusting the rib angle with constant rib thickness. To further improve the energy absorption capacity of the thin-walled structure, a multi-objective optimization was performed using the internal radius, rib angle and rib thickness as design variables. The response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ) were used to maximize the SEA while minimizing the peak crushing force. The SEA of the optimized thin-walled structure was improved by 13.42% compared to the initially designed thin-walled structure.
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Key words:
- bionic /
- thin-walled structure /
- energy absorption /
- multi-objective optimization /
- Pareto front
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图 1 马尾仿生薄壁结构的设计：(a)马尾草，(b)横截面，(c)倾斜肋骨，(d)传统双圆管，(e)仿生结构
Figure 1. Design of horsetail bionic thin-walled structure: (a) horsetail, (b) cross-section, (c) inclined ribs, (d) double round tube, (e) bionic structure
图 2 马尾草仿生薄壁结构的有限元模型
Figure 2. Finite element model of horsetail bionic thin-walled structure
图 5 薄壁结构的力-位移曲线比较
Figure 5. Comparison of force-displacement curves of the thin-walled structures
图 7 内半径和壁厚对耐撞性的影响
Figure 7. Effect of inner radius and wall thickness on crashworthiness
图 8 不同内半径和壁厚的薄壁结构变形模式
Figure 8. Deformation modes of thin-walled structures with different internal radii and wall thicknesses
图 9 不同肋数的薄壁结构的耐撞性比较
Figure 9. Comparison of crashworthiness of thin-walled structures with different ribs
图 10 肋角和肋厚对耐撞性的影响
Figure 10. Effect of degree of ribs and thickness of ribs on crashworthiness
图 13 Opt2 的力-位移曲线和变形模式
Figure 13. Force-displacement curve and deformation mode of Opt2
表 1 铝6063T5的材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of Al 6063T5
$\,\rho$/(g·cm−3) ${\sigma }$Y/MPa $ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{u}} $/MPa E/GPa μ 2.70 179.67 241.83 68.50 0.33 
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表 2 薄壁结构的耐撞性比较
Table 2. Comparison of crashworthiness of thin-walled structures
Structure t/mm m/g PCF/kN EA/J SEA/(J·g−1) MCF/kN CFE Tube-1 1.13 95.84 68.55 2066.35 21.56 27.55 0.40 Tube-2 1.00 95.84 67.41 2784.67 29.05 37.13 0.55
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表 3 优化结果与有限元模拟结果比较
Table 3. Comparison of the optimal results and finite element simulation
Test
point$ \theta $/(°) r/mm tL/mm PCF SEA FEM/kN RSM/kN Error/% FEM/(J·g−1) RSM/(J·g−1) Error/% Opt1 84.35 12.25 1.20 71.89 72.81 1.28 30.47 31.49 3.35 Opt2 10.10 14.68 1.20 78.49 78.60 0.14 32.95 32.29 −2.00
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