多种复合炸药装药的慢烤特性及其机理

肖游; 智小琦; 王琦; 范兴华

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20210871

多种复合炸药装药的慢烤特性及其机理

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210871

肖游^1,,
智小琦^1,*, ,,
王琦¹,
范兴华²

1.
中北大学机电工程学院，山西太原 030051
2.
晋西工业集团，山西太原 030051

详细信息

作者简介:
肖　游（1996－），男，硕士研究生，主要从事战斗部毁伤技术研究. E-mail：1466407414@qq.com

通讯作者:
智小琦（1965－），女，博士，教授，主要从事战斗部毁伤技术及弹药易损性研究. E-mail：zxq4060@sina.com

中图分类号: O389; TJ55
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-25
- 修回日期: 2021-09-01

Characteristics and Mechanism of Slow Cook-off of Composite Explosive Charges

XIAO You^1
,,
ZHI Xiaoqi^{1,*
, ,},
WANG Qi¹,
FAN Xinghua²

1.
School of Electromechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
2.
Jinxi Industrial Refco Group Ltd., Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究不同结构复合装药在慢速烤燃过程中的响应规律，分别设计了JH-2和JHB炸药的 $\varnothing$ 19 mm单独药柱装药和 $\varnothing$ 30 mm复合药柱装药烤燃弹，通过慢速烤燃试验分别获得了单独药柱烤燃弹在1和2 ℃·min⁻¹升温速率、复合药柱烤燃弹在1 ℃·min⁻¹升温速率下的温度-时间变化曲线，并结合数值模拟进一步分析了烤燃弹内部温度场的变化。研究结果表明：单独药柱装药情况下，低敏感炸药能明显降低弹药在热刺激下的响应等级；而在复合药柱装药时，烤燃弹响应点均位于外层低敏感药柱靠近壳体的环状区域，响应温度随高能药柱直径的增加而升高，响应等级随外层低敏感药柱厚度的增加而增加，复合装药由于药柱接触面存在接触热阻，烤燃弹传热受到阻滞，使得内部高能药柱极少参与反应。
- 慢速烤燃 /
- 复合装药 /
- 接触热阻
Abstract: In order to study the response law of composite charges with different structures in the process of slow cook-off, the cook-off bombs filled with $\varnothing$ 19 mm single charges of explosives JH-2 and JHB and $\varnothing$ 30 mm composite charges were designed. The temperature-time curves of single charges at 1 and 2 ℃·min⁻¹and composite charges at 1 ℃·min⁻¹ were obtained in tests, and combined with the numerical simulation to further analyzed the temperature field inside the bomb. The research results show that in the case of a single charge, the low-sensitive explosive can significantly reduce the response level of the bomb under thermal stimulation; while in the case of a composite charge, the response point of the bomb is located at the annular region of the outer low-sensitive charge near the shell. The response temperature increases with the increase of the high-energetic charge’s diameter, and the response level increases with the increase of the outer low-sensitive charge’s thickness. The heat transfer in the bomb is retarded due to the contact thermal resistance between the contact surface of composite charges, thus the inner high-energetic cylinder is rarely involved in the reaction.
- slow cook-off /
- composite charge /
- thermal contact resistance

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图 1 慢速烤燃试验布局

Figure 1. Layout of slow cook-off test

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图 2 单一药柱烤燃弹慢烤响应残骸

Figure 2. Debris of single charge bombs after slow cook-off

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图 3 复合装药烤燃弹模型

Figure 3. Model of the composite charge bomb

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图 4 复合装药仿真响应时刻（10 950 s）烤燃弹温度分布

Figure 4. Temperature distribution of bombs at simulated response time (10 950 s) for composite charges

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图 5 3个监测点测得的5种结构复合装药烤燃弹的温度-时间曲线

Figure 5. Temperature-time curves of the monitoring points for five kinds of composite charge bombs

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图 6 5种结构响应点的温度-时间曲线

Figure 6. Temperature-time curves of the ignition point for five kinds of composite charges

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图 7 响应时刻各组分分解质量分数随结构的变化趋势

Figure 7. Variation trend of decomposed mass fraction with structures for each component at response time

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图 8 响应时刻各组分分解质量随结构的变化趋势

Figure 8. Variation trend of decomposed mass with structures for each component at response time

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图 9 复合装药烤燃弹

Figure 9. Composite charge bombs

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图 10 5组复合药柱烤燃试验结果

Figure 10. Results of cook-off test for five groups of composite charges

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图 11 5组慢速烤燃试验响应时刻的温度-时间曲线

Figure 11. Temperature-time curves of response time for five groups of slow cook-off tests

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图 12 试验与数值模拟温度拟合

Figure 12. Fitting of test and simulation temperatures

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表 1 单一药柱慢速烤燃试验结果

Table 1. Slow cook-off test results of single charges

Explosive	Heating rate/(℃·min⁻¹)	No.	Temperature/℃	Response time/min
JH-2	1	1	209.5	183.10
	1	2	208.9	182.70
	2	3	213.7	95.85
	2	4	214.1	96.04
JHB	1	5	208.4	182.20
	1	6	209.6	183.30
	2	7	214.3	95.63
	2	8	213.9	94.90

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表 2 炸药与壳体的物性参数

Table 2. Physical parameters of explosives and shell

Material	$\;\rho$ /(g∙cm⁻³)	c/(J∙kg⁻¹∙K⁻¹)	$\lambda$ /(W∙m⁻¹∙K⁻¹)
RDX	1 640	1 130.00	0.250
TATB	1 938	1 170.00	0.544
Steel	8 030	502.48	43.000

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表 3 炸药反应动力参数

Table 3. Reaction dynamic parameters of explosives

Explosive	i	E/(kJ∙mol⁻¹)	Z/s⁻¹	Q/(MJ∙kg⁻¹)
RDX	1	194	6.40×10¹⁷	–2.68
	2	185	4.74×10¹⁷	8.03
	3	143	9.54×10¹⁴	65.60
TATB	4	252	7.02×10²⁰	0.21
	5	176	8.75×10¹²	0.21
	6	142	4.36×10¹¹	–2.94

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表 4 单一药柱仿真结果与试验结果的比较

Table 4. Comparison between simulation and test results for single charges

Explosive	Heating rate /(℃·min⁻¹)	Response temperature/℃		Response time/min
Explosive	Heating rate /(℃·min⁻¹)	Calculate	Test	Calculate	Test
JH-2	1	206.60	209.2	179.75	182.9
JH-2	2	214.68	213.9	93.92	96.0
JHB	1	207.68	209.0	180.83	182.8
JHB	2	214.18	214.1	93.67	95.2

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表 5 复合药柱试验分组与组分药柱厚度

Table 5. Test group and charge thickness of composite charges

Charge species	Thickness/mm
Charge species	G1	G2	G3	G4	G5
JH-2	14	15	16	17	19
JHB	16	15	14	13	11

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