椭圆截面战斗部爆炸驱动破片作用过程的数值模拟

邓宇轩; 张先锋; 冯可华; 刘闯; 杜宁; 刘均伟; 李鹏程

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20210856

椭圆截面战斗部爆炸驱动破片作用过程的数值模拟

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210856

邓宇轩^1,,
张先锋^1,*, ,,
冯可华²,
刘闯¹,
杜宁¹,
刘均伟¹,
李鹏程¹

1.
南京理工大学机械工程学院, 江苏南京　210094
2.
江苏永丰机械有限责任公司, 江苏盱眙　211722

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（30919011401）

详细信息

作者简介:
邓宇轩（1998－）, 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事高效毁伤技术研究. E-mail：2472263297@qq.com

通讯作者:
张先锋（1978－）, 男, 博士, 教授, 主要从事高效毁伤与防护技术研究. E-mail：lynx@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-01
- 修回日期: 2021-08-19
- 录用日期: 2021-08-23

Numerical Simulation of Fragmentation Process Driven by Explosion in Elliptical Cross-Section Warhead

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
Jiangsu Yongfeng Machinery Co. Ltd., XuYi 211722, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究爆轰驱动下椭圆截面自然破片杀伤战斗部壳体的膨胀破裂过程以及壳体破片径向速度分布，建立了椭圆截面战斗部三维模型。通过AUTODYN-3D软件，采用Lagrange算法模拟爆轰驱动下椭圆截面自然破片战斗部壳体的膨胀断裂过程，研究了端面单点中心起爆方式下短长轴断裂时间差与短长轴比的关系，以及不同起爆点、不同短长轴比和不同装填比（即装药与壳体质量之比）对椭圆截面战斗部径向破片速度分布的影响。结果表明：与端面中心单点起爆、端面长轴双点偏心起爆和端面短长轴四点偏心起爆相比，端面短轴双点偏心起爆方式对椭圆截面战斗部壳体破片径向速度的增益效果最好。装填比一定时，短、长轴断裂时间以及短、长轴断裂时间差与短长轴比呈线性关系，战斗部壳体膨胀过程中截面形状的实时短长轴比与加载时间呈线性关系；随着短长轴比的增大，战斗部壳体破片径向速度增益逐渐减小。短长轴比一定，装填比小于1时，破片速度随方位角增大呈正弦趋势上升，且短、长轴方向破片速度差与装填比呈线性关系。
- 椭圆截面战斗部 /
- 自然破片 /
- 膨胀断裂 /
- 破片速度 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: In order to study the expand-rupturing process and the radial velocity distribution of the elliptical cross-section natural fragment warhead shell driven by detonation, a three-dimensional model of the elliptical cross-section warhead was established. The AUTODYN-3D software was used to simulate the expansion and rupture process of the elliptical cross-section natural fragment warhead shell driven by detonation with Lagrange algorithm. The relationship between the minor-major axis fracture time difference and the minor-major axis ratio under the single-point central initiation mode of the end face was studied. The influence of initiation points, minor-major axis ratio and loading ratio (i.e. the mass ratio of charge and shell) on the radial velocity distribution of the elliptical cross-section warhead was studied. The results show that compared with the single-point initiation at the center of the end face, the double-point eccentric initiation at the major axis of the end face and the four-point eccentric initiation at the minor axis of the end face, the double-point eccentric initiation at the minor axis of the end face has the best effect on the radial velocity gain of the elliptical cross-section warhead shell. When the loading ratio is constant, the fracture time of the minor and major axes and the difference between the fracture time of the minor and major axes are linearly related to the minor and major axis ratio. Meanwhile, the real-time minor and major axis ratio of the cross-section shape during the expansion of the warhead shell varies linearly with loading time. The radial velocity distribution of warhead shell fragments decreases with the increase of minor-major axis ratio. When the ratio of minor axis to major axis is constant and the loading ratio is less than 1, the fragment velocity increases sinusoidally with the increase of azimuth angle, and the difference of fragment velocity in minor and major axes shows a linear relationship with the loading ratio.
- elliptical cross-section warhead /
- natural fragmentation /
- expand-rupturing /
- numerical simulation /
- fragment velocity

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图 1 椭圆截面战斗部截面形状

Figure 1. Cross-section shape of elliptical cross-section warhead

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图 2 战斗部的三维模型

Figure 2. Three-dimensional model of warhead

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图 3 圆柱形刻槽战斗部模型

Figure 3. Models of cylindrical grooved warhead

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图 4 16 µs时刻壳体膨胀断裂状态

Figure 4. Expansive fracture state of warhead at 16 µs

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图 5 数值模拟与试验结果对比

Figure 5. Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental results

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图 6 战斗部中部平面内爆轰波的传播

Figure 6. Detonation wave propagation in the middle section of warhead

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图 7 椭圆截面战斗部壳体膨胀断裂过程

Figure 7. Expansion fracture process of elliptical cross-section warhead shell

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图 8 战斗部中部壳体的破片速度

Figure 8. Velocity of shell fragment in the middle section of warhead

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图 9 典型时刻战斗部的截面轮廓

Figure 9. Section shape of warhead at typical time

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图 10 不同初始短长轴比战斗部截面形状随时间变化曲线

Figure 10. Cross-sectional shape versus time curves of warheads with different $\,\mu $₀

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图 11 战斗部短、长轴方向壳体的断裂时间

Figure 11. Fracture time of warhead shell in the direction of minor and major axes

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图 12 不同起爆方式示意图

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of different initiation modes

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图 13 起爆方式对破片径向速度分布的影响

Figure 13. Influence of initiation mode on radial velocity distribution of fragments

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图 14 $\,\mu $₀对破片径向速度分布的影响

Figure 14. Influence of $\,\mu $₀ on radial velocity distribution of fragments

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图 15 $\,\mu $₀对短长轴方向破片速度差值的影响

Figure 15. Influence of $\,\mu $₀ on the velocity difference of fragments in the major and minor axes

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图 16 $\,\beta $对壳体破片径向速度分布的影响

Figure 16. Influence of $\,\beta $ on radial velocity distribution of shell fragments

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图 17 $\,\beta $对短长轴方向破片速度差的影响

Figure 17. Influence of $\,\beta $ on the velocity difference of fragments in the minor and major axes

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表 1 战斗部壳体材料参数^[14]

Table 1. Material parameters of warhead shell^[14]

Material	$\,\rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	Melting point/K
D60	7.83	831	1280	0.672	0.027	1811

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表 2 数值模拟中采用的材料模型

Table 2. Material models of numerical simulation

Component	$\,\rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	Equation of state	Constitutive equation	Failure
D60 shell	7.83	Liner	Johnson-Cook	Principal strain
2A12 cover board	2.75	Shock	Johnson-Cook	Plastic strain
8701 explosive	1.71	JWL

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表 3 试验与数值模拟结果对比

Table 3. Comparison of experimental and numerical simulation results

Mass range/g	n₁	n₂
[0.10, 0.20)	228	281
[0.20, 0.25)	126	103
[0.25, 0.30)	30	33

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表 4 不同短长轴比椭圆截面战斗部模型参数

Table 4. Model parameters of elliptical cross-section warhead with different $\,\mu $₀

Test No.	x/mm	y/mm	Thickness of shell/mm	$\,\beta $	$\,\mu $₀
1	30.62	12.25	2.35	0.633	0.4
2	27.39	13.69	2.44	0.633	0.5
3	25.00	15.00	2.50	0.633	0.6
4	23.15	16.20	2.54	0.633	0.7
5	21.65	17.32	2.56	0.633	0.8
6	20.41	18.37	2.57	0.633	0.9
7	19.36	19.36	2.57	0.633	1.0

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表 5 不同装药与壳体质量比的椭圆截面战斗部模型参数

Table 5. Model parameters of elliptical cross-section warhead with different mass ratios of charge to shell

Test No.	x/mm	y/mm	Shell thickness/mm	$\,\mu $₀	$\,\beta $
1	25	15	3.66	0.6	0.49
2	25	15	3.06	0.6	0.59
3	25	15	2.46	0.6	0.75
4	25	15	2.16	0.6	0.86
5	25	15	1.86	0.6	1.00
6	25	15	1.56	0.6	1.20

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