基于模型试验的预裂孔爆破参数优选

李祥龙; 杨长辉; 王建国; 王子琛; 胡启文

doi:10.11858/gywlxb.20210830

基于模型试验的预裂孔爆破参数优选

doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20210830

李祥龙^{1, 2,},
杨长辉¹,
王建国^{1, 2,*, ,},
王子琛³,
胡启文⁴

1.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，云南昆明　650093
2.
云南省中-德蓝色矿山与特殊地下空间开发利用重点实验室，云南昆明　650093
3.
中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司，陕西西安　710077
4.
北京理工大学机电学院，北京　100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51934003，52064025）；昆明理工大学校级人培项目（KKZ3202021065）

详细信息

作者简介:
李祥龙（1981－），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事爆破理论和爆破安全与技术研究. E-mail：lxl00014002@163.com

通讯作者:
王建国（1987－），男，博士，讲师，主要从事冲击动力学与爆破机理研究. E-mail：wangjg0831@163.com

中图分类号: O383; TU45
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-23
- 修回日期: 2021-08-09

Parameter Optimization of Presplitting Blasting Based on Model Test

LI Xianglong^{1, 2
,},
YANG Changhui¹,
WANG Jianguo^{1, 2,*
, ,},
WANG Zichen³,
HU Qiwen⁴

1.
Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
2.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sino-German Blue Mining and Utilization of Special Underground Space, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
3.
Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Xi’an 710077, Shaanxi, China
4.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 为了有效地降低预裂爆破振动对边坡岩体和周边建构筑物的扰动，除了关注预裂缝的减振效应外，还需对预裂孔本身的爆破参数和起爆方式进行优化。为此，采用正交试验法，选用C30混凝土为爆破对象的相似模拟材料，开展预裂孔爆破成缝过程的相似模型试验，选取不耦合系数、延期时间、最大单响药量3个因素，每个因素设置4个水平，以有效半孔率、预裂缝宽度和原岩损伤率为评价指标，通过极差与方差计算分析各因素对评价指标的敏感度，确定了本次模型试验达到最佳爆破效果的预裂孔爆破参数：不耦合系数为1.33，延期时间为12 ms，最大单响药量为1.8 g。研究结果可为现场预裂孔爆破参数选择和精确延期时间设计提供指导。
- 多指标正交试验 /
- 预裂爆破 /
- 相似模型试验 /
- 方差分析 /
- 精确延时
Abstract: In order to effectively reduce the disturbance derived from the vibration of the presplitting blasting in the slope rock mass and surrounding structures, it is important not only to pay attention to the vibration damping effect of the presplitting, but also to optimize the blasting parameters and initiation modes of the presplitting hole. The study adopts the orthogonal experimental method, which selects the C30 concrete as the similar simulation material of the blasting object to carry out the similar model test of the blasting process with presplitting hole. In this model test, three factors are considered as the non-coupling coefficient, which are delay time, and maximum single-shot charge, and four levels are set for each factor, taking effective half porosity, pre-fracture width and original rock damage rate as evaluation indicators. After the analysis of the sensitivity of each factor to evaluation indicators through range and variance calculations, the best blasting effect with the blasting parameters of the presplitting hole are finally achieved in this model test: non-coupling coefficient is 1.33, delay time is 12 ms, and maximum single-shot charge is 1.8 g. The research results provide guidance for the design of the parameters of on-site blasting with presplitting hole and precise delay time.
- multi-index orthogonal test /
- presplitting blasting /
- similar model test /
- variance analysis /
- precise time delay

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图 1 预制预裂孔的混凝土模型

Figure 1. Model of concrete with precast presplitting hole

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图 2 有效半孔率的测量

Figure 2. Measurement of effective half-porosity

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图 4 爆破声波测试仪器

Figure 4. Instrument of blasting acoustic test

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图 3 预裂缝宽度的测量

Figure 3. Measurement of pre-crack width

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表 1 正交试验因素水平

Table 1. Factors and levels for orthogonal tests

Level	Factors
Level	A	B/ms	C/g	D
1	1.33	8	1.8	1
2	1.67	10	3.6	2
3	2.00	12	5.4	3
4	3.00	15	3.6^*	4

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表 2 相似材料模拟试验的正交设计

Table 2. Orthogonal test design of the simulation tests with similar material

Test No.	Factors
Test No.	A	B/ms	C/g	D
1	1.33	8	1.8	1
2	1.33	10	3.6	2
3	1.33	12	5.4	3
4	1.33	15	3.6^*	4
5	1.67	8	3.6	4
6	1.67	10	1.8	3
7	1.67	12	3.6^*	2
8	1.67	15	5.4	1
9	2.00	8	5.4	2
10	2.00	10	3.6^*	1
11	2.00	12	1.8	4
12	2.00	15	3.6	3
13	3.00	8	3.6^*	3
14	3.00	10	5.4	4
15	3.00	12	3.6	1
16	3.00	15	1.8	2

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表 3 爆破效果统计

Table 3. Statistics of blasting effect

Test No.	Evaluating indicator			Test No.	Evaluating indicator
Test No.	δ/%	d/mm	η/%	Test No.	δ/%	d/mm	η/%
1	45	51	14.0	9	65	16	24.8
2	48	63	14.5	10	76	15	21.4
3	51	80	19.3	11	70	10	10.0
4	41	54	13.1	12	65	12	10.6
5	56	41	19.4	13	76	12	12.3
6	30	45	14.0	14	90	21	13.5
7	78	62	16.2	15	87	17	12.8
8	62	51	19.8	16	76	15	12.0

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表 4 极差分析

Table 4. Range analysis

Range analysis index	Factors
	Range analysis of δ				Range analysis of d				Range analysis of η
	A	B	C	D	A	B	C	D	A	B	C	D
K₁	185.0	242.0	231.0	270.0	248.0	120.0	121.0	134.0	60.9	70.5	50.0	68.0
K₂	226.0	244.0	266.0	277.0	199.0	144.0	133.0	156.0	69.4	63.4	57.3	67.5
K₃	286.0	286.0	268.0	232.0	53.0	169.0	168.0	149.0	66.8	58.3	77.4	56.2
K₄	339.0	264.0	271.0	257.0	65.0	132.0	143.0	126.0	50.6	55.5	63.0	56.0
k₁	46.3	60.5	57.8	67.5	62.0	30.0	30.3	33.5	15.2	17.6	12.5	17.0
k₂	56.5	61.0	66.5	69.3	49.8	36.0	33.3	39.0	17.4	15.8	14.3	16.9
k₃	71.5	71.5	67.0	58.0	13.3	42.3	42.0	37.3	16.7	14.6	19.4	14.1
k₄	84.8	66.0	67.8	64.3	16.3	33.0	35.8	31.5	12.7	13.9	15.8	14.0
R	38.5	11.0	9.3	11.3	33.5	12.3	11.8	7.5	4.7	3.8	6.9	3.0

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表 5 方差分析结果

Table 5. Results of variance analysis

Factors	Variance analysis of δ				Variance analysis of d				Variance analysis of η
Factors	Q_T	μ	S_i	F	Q_T	μ	S_i	F	Q_T	μ	S_i	F
A	3423.5	3	1141.2	11.60	7083.2	3	2361.1	50.35	52.2	3	17.4	1.54
B	317.0	3	105.7	1.08	328.7	3	109.6	2.34	32.5	3	10.8	0.96
C	261.3	2	130.7	1.33	286.7	2	143.3	3.06	97.0	2	48.5	4.28
Error	294.5	3	98.2		140.7	3	46.9		34.0	3	11.3

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