Influence of Initial Conditions on the Interior Ballistic Performance of Hydrogen-Oxygen Detonation Gas Gun
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摘要: 为分析不同初始条件对氢氧爆轰气体炮内弹道性能的影响，基于计算流体力学方法，利用FLUENT软件建立了氢氧爆轰气体炮二维数值计算模型，同时基于40 mm口径气体炮开展发射实验，对计算模型的有效性进行了验证。通过数值模拟，得到了初始压力、氮气含量和反应气体配比对氢氧爆轰气体炮内弹道性能的影响规律。结果表明：提升气室初始压力和氮气含量均可以有效地提高弹丸发射速度，同时氮气能够降低气室平均温度，提升反应气体的能量利用率；存在反应气体的优化配比，在保持初始压力不变的条件下，通过注入适量的氮气能够在提高能量利用率的同时得到较高的发射速度。Abstract: In order to analyze the influence of different initial conditions on the interior ballistic performance of hydrogen-oxygen detonation gas gun, a two-dimensional numerical model of hydrogen-oxygen detonation gas gun was established by using FLUENT software, which is based on the computational fluid dynamics method. The validity of numerical model was verified by launching experiments of 40 mm caliber gas gun. The influence mechanisms of initial pressure, nitrogen content and reaction gas ratio on the interior ballistic performance of hydrogen-oxygen detonation gas gun were revealed by numerical calculation. The results show that, increasing the initial pressure and nitrogen content of the gas chamber can effectively improve the projectile launching speed, while nitrogen can reduce the average temperature of the gas chamber and improve the energy utilization rate of the reaction gas. The results indicate that there exists an optimal ratio of reaction gas dose, injecting nitrogen with proper content can improve the energy utilization and get higher launch speed under the same initial pressure.
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Key words:
- gas gun /
- interior ballistics /
- hydrogen-oxygen detonation /
- initial conditions
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图 2 氢氧爆轰气体炮数值计算模型
Figure 2. Numerical simulation model of detonation-driven gas gun using hydrogen-oxygen mixture
图 6 初始压力对弹底压力和发射速度的影响
Figure 6. Influence of initial pressure on projectile bottom pressure and launching velocity
图 7 初始压力对气室平均温度和压力的影响
Figure 7. Influence of initial pressure on average temperature and pressure of gas chamber
图 8 氮气含量对弹底压力和发射速度的影响
Figure 8. Influence of nitrogen content on projectile bottom pressure and launching velocity
图 9 氮气含量对气室平均温度和压力的影响
Figure 9. Influence of nitrogen content on average temperature and pressure of gas chamber
图 10 氮气含量对氢气剩余质量的影响
Figure 10. Influence of nitrogen content on residual mass of hydrogen
图 11 工况D-1中弹丸启动前瞬间气室温度和压力分布云图
Figure 11. Temperature and pressure cloud charts of gas chamber immediately before projectile start in case D-1
图 12 反应气体配比对弹底压力和发射速度的影响
Figure 12. Influence of reaction gas ratio on projectile bottom pressure and launching velocity
图 13 反应气体配比对气室平均温度和压力的影响
Figure 13. Influence of reaction gas ratio on average temperature and pressure of gas chamber
表 1 9组分19步氢氧化学反应机理
Table 1. Mechanism of 9-component 19-step hydrogen-oxygen chemical reaction
Step Reaction $ A/( $cm·mol·s·K$ ) $ $ n $ $ {E}_{\mathrm{a}} $/(J·mol−1) 1 H + O2 ＝ O + OH 1.04 × 1014 0 6.41 × 104 2 O + H2 ＝ H + OH 3.82 × 1012 0 3.33 × 104 3 H2 + OH ＝ H2O + H 2.16 × 108 1.51 1.44 × 104 4 OH + OH ＝ O + H2O 3.34 × 104 2.42 −8.08 × 103 5 H2 + M ＝ H + H + M 4.58 × 1019 −1.40 4.35 × 105 6 O + O + M ＝ O2 + M 6.16 × 1015 −0.50 0 7 O + H + M ＝ OH + M 4.71 × 1018 −1.00 0 8 H2O + M ＝ H + OH + M 6.06 × 1027 −3.32 5.05 × 105 9 H + O2 (+M) ＝ HO2 (+M) 4.65 × 1012 0.44 0 10 HO2 + H ＝ H2 + O2 2.75 × 106 2.09 −6.07 × 103 11 HO2 + H ＝ OH + OH 7.08 × 1013 0 1.23 × 103 12 HO2 + O ＝ O2 + OH 2.85 × 1010 1.00 −3.03 × 103 13 HO2 + OH ＝ H2O + O2 2.89 × 1013 0 −2.08 × 103 14 HO2 + HO2 ＝ H2O2 + O2 4.20 × 1014 0 5.02 × 104 15 H2O2 (+M) ＝ OH + OH(+M) 2.00 × 1012 0.90 2.04 × 105 16 H2O2 + H ＝ H2O + OH 2.41 × 1013 0 1.66 × 104 17 H2O2 + H ＝ HO2 + H2 4.82 × 1013 0 3.33 × 104 18 H2O2 + O ＝ OH + HO2 9.55 × 106 2.00 1.66 × 104 19 H2O2 + OH ＝ HO2 + H2O 1.74 × 1012 0 1.33 × 103 Note: M is the third body[9]. 
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表 2 实验工况
Table 2. Experimental conditions
Case No. ${p}{_{\mathrm{N}_2}}$/MPa ${p}{_{\mathrm{H}_2}}$/MPa ${p}{_{\mathrm{O}_2}}$/MPa ${p}{_{0}}$/MPa ${x}{_{\mathrm{N}_2}}$/% A-1 0 1.00 0.50 1.50 0 A-2 0 2.00 1.00 3.00 0 A-3 0 2.50 1.25 3.75 0 B-1 0.50 1.00 0.50 2.00 25.0 C-1 1.00 1.00 0.50 2.50 40.0
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表 3 实验和计算得到的数据及误差
Table 3. Data and errors of experiments and calculations
Case No. ${v}{_{\mathrm{e} }}$/(m·s−1) ${v}{_{\mathrm{c} }}$/(m·s−1) ${\eta }{_{\mathrm{e} }}$/% ${\eta }{_{\mathrm{c} }}$/% ${\delta }{_{v}}$/% ${\delta }{_\eta }$/% A-1 320.1 333.3 8.3 9.0 4.1 8.4 A-2 467.9 472.9 8.9 9.1 1.1 2.2 A-3 531.6 523.5 9.2 8.9 1.5 3.3 B-1 365.4 394.4 10.8 12.6 7.9 16.7 C-1 448.3 438.6 16.3 15.6 2.2 4.3
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表 4 计算工况及数据
Table 4. Calculation conditions and data
Case No. $p{_{{\rm{N}}_2}} $/MPa $p{_{ {\rm{H} }_2} } $/MPa $p{_{ {\rm{O} }_2} } $/MPa ${p}{_{0}}$/MPa ${x}{_{\mathrm{N}_2}}$/% ${v}{_{\mathrm{c} }}$/(m·s−1) ${\eta }{_{\mathrm{c} }}$/% A-1 0 1.00 0.50 1.50 0 333.3 9.0 A-2 0 2.00 1.00 3.00 0 472.9 9.1 A-3 0 2.50 1.25 3.75 0 523.5 8.9 A-4 0 4.00 2.00 6.00 0 669.8 9.1 B-1 0.50 1.00 0.50 2.00 25.0 394.4 12.6 B-2 0.50 2.20 1.10 3.80 13.2 541.3 10.8 C-1 1.00 1.00 0.50 2.50 40.0 438.6 15.6 C-2 1.10 1.80 0.90 3.80 28.9 534.2 12.9 D-1 2.00 1.00 0.50 3.50 57.1 457.3 17.0 D-2 2.00 1.20 0.60 3.80 52.6 518.8 18.2
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